Synergism between flame retardant and modified layered silicate on thermal stability and fire behaviour of polyurethane nanocomposite foams
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| Title: | Synergism between flame retardant and modified layered silicate on thermal stability and fire behaviour of polyurethane nanocomposite foams |
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| Authors: | Modesti, M. michele.modesti@unipd.it, Lorenzetti, A.1, Besco, S.1, Hrelja, D.1, Semenzato, S.1, Bertani, R.1, Michelin, R.A.1 |
| Source: | Polymer Degradation & Stability. Dec2008, Vol. 93 Issue 12, p2166-2171. 6p. |
| Subjects: | Fireproofing agents, Polyurethanes, Silicates, Montmorillonite, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetry, Chemical decomposition |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Synergy in flame retardancy of polyurethane foams between phosphorus-based flame retardant (aluminium phosphinate) and layered silicates has been investigated. We used pristine montmorillonite as well as ammonium modified clay (commercially available) and diphosphonium modified clay, which were synthesised by the intercalation of the quaternary diphosphonium salt according to a procedure reported here. The morphology of the foams was characterised through X-ray diffraction (XRD), while thermal properties were characterised by oxygen index test, cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological characterisation showed that pristine and diphosphonium modified clays are almost slightly intercalated, while ammonium modified one is very well dispersed. The results of thermal characterisation showed that in the presence of phosphinate enhancements of oxygen index, fire behaviour, measured by cone calorimeter, and thermal stability have been achieved. Phosphinate is therefore an efficient flame retardant for polyurethane foams and its flame retardancy action takes place in both condensed and gas phases. Pristine and ammonium modified layered silicate bring some enhancements of thermal stability while having no important effect in decreasing peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat evolved (THE) when used in conjunction with phosphinate; their main advantage is related to the enhancement of compactness of the char layer formed. Diphosphonium clay is instead effective in further improving the fire behaviour of the foams because of the flame retardancy action of phosphonium: both PHRR and THE were decreased. The analysis of cone calorimeter data showed that clays act through physical effect constituting a barrier at the surface which is effective in preventing or slowing the diffusion of volatiles and oxygen, while phosphinate and phosphonium are more effective owing to their combined action in both condensed and gas phases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] |
| Copyright of Polymer Degradation & Stability is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 35505508 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Synergism between flame retardant and modified layered silicate on thermal stability and fire behaviour of polyurethane nanocomposite foams – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modesti%2C+M%2E%22">Modesti, M.</searchLink><i> michele.modesti@unipd.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lorenzetti%2C+A%2E%22">Lorenzetti, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Besco%2C+S%2E%22">Besco, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hrelja%2C+D%2E%22">Hrelja, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Semenzato%2C+S%2E%22">Semenzato, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bertani%2C+R%2E%22">Bertani, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michelin%2C+R%2EA%2E%22">Michelin, R.A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymer+Degradation+%26+Stability%22">Polymer Degradation & Stability</searchLink>. Dec2008, Vol. 93 Issue 12, p2166-2171. 6p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fireproofing+agents%22">Fireproofing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyurethanes%22">Polyurethanes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silicates%22">Silicates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Montmorillonite%22">Montmorillonite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+diffraction%22">X-ray diffraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermogravimetry%22">Thermogravimetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+decomposition%22">Chemical decomposition</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Abstract: Synergy in flame retardancy of polyurethane foams between phosphorus-based flame retardant (aluminium phosphinate) and layered silicates has been investigated. We used pristine montmorillonite as well as ammonium modified clay (commercially available) and diphosphonium modified clay, which were synthesised by the intercalation of the quaternary diphosphonium salt according to a procedure reported here. The morphology of the foams was characterised through X-ray diffraction (XRD), while thermal properties were characterised by oxygen index test, cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological characterisation showed that pristine and diphosphonium modified clays are almost slightly intercalated, while ammonium modified one is very well dispersed. The results of thermal characterisation showed that in the presence of phosphinate enhancements of oxygen index, fire behaviour, measured by cone calorimeter, and thermal stability have been achieved. Phosphinate is therefore an efficient flame retardant for polyurethane foams and its flame retardancy action takes place in both condensed and gas phases. Pristine and ammonium modified layered silicate bring some enhancements of thermal stability while having no important effect in decreasing peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat evolved (THE) when used in conjunction with phosphinate; their main advantage is related to the enhancement of compactness of the char layer formed. Diphosphonium clay is instead effective in further improving the fire behaviour of the foams because of the flame retardancy action of phosphonium: both PHRR and THE were decreased. The analysis of cone calorimeter data showed that clays act through physical effect constituting a barrier at the surface which is effective in preventing or slowing the diffusion of volatiles and oxygen, while phosphinate and phosphonium are more effective owing to their combined action in both condensed and gas phases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymer Degradation & Stability is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.08.005 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 6 StartPage: 2166 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Fireproofing agents Type: general – SubjectFull: Polyurethanes Type: general – SubjectFull: Silicates Type: general – SubjectFull: Montmorillonite Type: general – SubjectFull: X-ray diffraction Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermogravimetry Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical decomposition Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Synergism between flame retardant and modified layered silicate on thermal stability and fire behaviour of polyurethane nanocomposite foams Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Modesti, M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lorenzetti, A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Besco, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hrelja, D. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Semenzato, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bertani, R. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Michelin, R.A. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2008 Type: published Y: 2008 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 01413910 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 93 – Type: issue Value: 12 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymer Degradation & Stability Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
