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In situ monitoring the growth of thin-film ZnS/Zn(S,O) bilayer on Cu-chalcopyrite for high performance thin film solar cells

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Title: In situ monitoring the growth of thin-film ZnS/Zn(S,O) bilayer on Cu-chalcopyrite for high performance thin film solar cells
Authors: Sáez-Araoz, R.1, Abou-Ras, D.1, Niesen, T.P.2, Neisser, A.3, Wilchelmi, K.3, Lux-Steiner, M.Ch.1, Ennaoui, A.1 ennaoui@helmholtz-berlin.de
Source: Thin Solid Films. Feb2009, Vol. 517 Issue 7, p2300-2304. 5p.
Subjects: Solar cells, Chalcopyrite, Thin films, Chemical vapor deposition, Crystal growth, X-ray spectroscopy, Zinc sulfide
Abstract: Abstract: This paper highlights the crucial role that the control of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process plays for buffer production of Cu-chalcopyrite solar-cell devices. ZnS/Zn(S,O) bilayer was deposited on CuInS2 (CIS) and Cu(In,Ga)(SSe)2 (CIGSSe) and monitored using turbidity measurements of the solution. The results were correlated to the X-ray photoemission spectra of the samples obtained by interruption of the process at sequential stages. Two different feature regimes were distinguished: In the first stage, a heterogeneous reaction takes place on the absorber resulting in the formation of pure ZnS. The second stage of the process is homogeneous, and the in-situ turbidity measurement shows a loss in the transmission of light through the CBD solution. The measured ZnL3M45M45 Auger-peaks, during this second stage of the process, show a shift of the kinetic energy from pure ZnS to a solid-solution ZnS/ZnO (“Zn(S,O)”) with decreasing amount of sulfur. These results are supported by the observations from Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. This paper also demonstrates that monitoring of the CBD process combined with the basic understanding using surface and interface analysis have contributed to improve the reproducibility and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of Cu-chalcopyrite thin-film solar modules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 36404412
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: In situ monitoring the growth of thin-film ZnS/Zn(S,O) bilayer on Cu-chalcopyrite for high performance thin film solar cells
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sáez-Araoz%2C+R%2E%22">Sáez-Araoz, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abou-Ras%2C+D%2E%22">Abou-Ras, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niesen%2C+T%2EP%2E%22">Niesen, T.P.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neisser%2C+A%2E%22">Neisser, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilchelmi%2C+K%2E%22">Wilchelmi, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lux-Steiner%2C+M%2ECh%2E%22">Lux-Steiner, M.Ch.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ennaoui%2C+A%2E%22">Ennaoui, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ennaoui@helmholtz-berlin.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Thin+Solid+Films%22">Thin Solid Films</searchLink>. Feb2009, Vol. 517 Issue 7, p2300-2304. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chalcopyrite%22">Chalcopyrite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thin+films%22">Thin films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+vapor+deposition%22">Chemical vapor deposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+growth%22">Crystal growth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+spectroscopy%22">X-ray spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc+sulfide%22">Zinc sulfide</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: This paper highlights the crucial role that the control of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process plays for buffer production of Cu-chalcopyrite solar-cell devices. ZnS/Zn(S,O) bilayer was deposited on CuInS2 (CIS) and Cu(In,Ga)(SSe)2 (CIGSSe) and monitored using turbidity measurements of the solution. The results were correlated to the X-ray photoemission spectra of the samples obtained by interruption of the process at sequential stages. Two different feature regimes were distinguished: In the first stage, a heterogeneous reaction takes place on the absorber resulting in the formation of pure ZnS. The second stage of the process is homogeneous, and the in-situ turbidity measurement shows a loss in the transmission of light through the CBD solution. The measured ZnL3M45M45 Auger-peaks, during this second stage of the process, show a shift of the kinetic energy from pure ZnS to a solid-solution ZnS/ZnO (“Zn(S,O)”) with decreasing amount of sulfur. These results are supported by the observations from Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. This paper also demonstrates that monitoring of the CBD process combined with the basic understanding using surface and interface analysis have contributed to improve the reproducibility and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of Cu-chalcopyrite thin-film solar modules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.10.139
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 5
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      – SubjectFull: Thin films
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      – SubjectFull: Chemical vapor deposition
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      – SubjectFull: Crystal growth
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      – SubjectFull: X-ray spectroscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Zinc sulfide
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      – TitleFull: In situ monitoring the growth of thin-film ZnS/Zn(S,O) bilayer on Cu-chalcopyrite for high performance thin film solar cells
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              Text: Feb2009
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              Y: 2009
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