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Superconducting parallel nanowire detector with photon number resolving functionality.

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Title: Superconducting parallel nanowire detector with photon number resolving functionality.
Authors: Marsili, F.1,2 francesco.marsili@epfl.ch, Bitauld, D.1,2, Fiore, A.1,2, Gaggero, A.3, Leoni, R.3, Mattioli, F.3, Divochiy, A.4, Korneev, A.4, Seleznev, V.4, Kaurova, N.4, Minaeva, O.4, Goltsman, G.4
Source: Journal of Modern Optics. Jan2009, Vol. 56 Issue 2/3, p334-344. 11p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Graphs.
Subjects: Semiconductors, Nanowires, Photons, Detectors, Quantum electronics
Abstract: We present a new photon number resolving detector (PNR), the Parallel Nanowire Detector (PND), which uses spatial multiplexing on a subwavelength scale to provide a single electrical output proportional to the photon number. The basic structure of the PND is the parallel connection of several NbN superconducting nanowires (≈100 nm wide, few nm thick), folded in a meander pattern. Electrical and optical equivalents of the device were developed in order to gain insight on its working principle. PNDs were fabricated on 3-4 nm thick NbN films grown on sapphire (substrate temperature TS = 900°C) or MgO (TS = 400°C) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering in an Ar/N2 gas mixture. The device performance was characterized in terms of speed and sensitivity. The photoresponse shows a full width at half maximum (FWHM) as low as 660 ps. PNDs showed counting performance at 80 MHz repetition rate. Building the histograms of the photoresponse peak, no multiplication noise buildup is observable and a one-photon quantum efficiency can be estimated to be η ∼ 3% (at 700 nm wavelength and 4.2 K temperature). The PND significantly outperforms existing PNR detectors in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, speed, and multiplication noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Modern Optics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 36677996
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Superconducting parallel nanowire detector with photon number resolving functionality.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marsili%2C+F%2E%22">Marsili, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> francesco.marsili@epfl.ch</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bitauld%2C+D%2E%22">Bitauld, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fiore%2C+A%2E%22">Fiore, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gaggero%2C+A%2E%22">Gaggero, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leoni%2C+R%2E%22">Leoni, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mattioli%2C+F%2E%22">Mattioli, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Divochiy%2C+A%2E%22">Divochiy, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Korneev%2C+A%2E%22">Korneev, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seleznev%2C+V%2E%22">Seleznev, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaurova%2C+N%2E%22">Kaurova, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minaeva%2C+O%2E%22">Minaeva, O.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goltsman%2C+G%2E%22">Goltsman, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Modern+Optics%22">Journal of Modern Optics</searchLink>. Jan2009, Vol. 56 Issue 2/3, p334-344. 11p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semiconductors%22">Semiconductors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanowires%22">Nanowires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photons%22">Photons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detectors%22">Detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+electronics%22">Quantum electronics</searchLink>
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  Data: We present a new photon number resolving detector (PNR), the Parallel Nanowire Detector (PND), which uses spatial multiplexing on a subwavelength scale to provide a single electrical output proportional to the photon number. The basic structure of the PND is the parallel connection of several NbN superconducting nanowires (≈100 nm wide, few nm thick), folded in a meander pattern. Electrical and optical equivalents of the device were developed in order to gain insight on its working principle. PNDs were fabricated on 3-4 nm thick NbN films grown on sapphire (substrate temperature TS = 900°C) or MgO (TS = 400°C) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering in an Ar/N2 gas mixture. The device performance was characterized in terms of speed and sensitivity. The photoresponse shows a full width at half maximum (FWHM) as low as 660 ps. PNDs showed counting performance at 80 MHz repetition rate. Building the histograms of the photoresponse peak, no multiplication noise buildup is observable and a one-photon quantum efficiency can be estimated to be η ∼ 3% (at 700 nm wavelength and 4.2 K temperature). The PND significantly outperforms existing PNR detectors in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, speed, and multiplication noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Modern Optics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/09500340802220729
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 334
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      – SubjectFull: Semiconductors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanowires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Detectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantum electronics
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      – TitleFull: Superconducting parallel nanowire detector with photon number resolving functionality.
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              Text: Jan2009
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