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Investigation on electronically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries

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Title: Investigation on electronically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries
Authors: Ponraj, Rubha1, McAllister, Simon D.1, Cheng, I. Francis1 ifcheng@uidaho.edu, Edwards, Dean B.2 dedwards@uidaho.edu
Source: Journal of Power Sources. Apr2009, Vol. 189 Issue 2, p1199-1203. 5p.
Subjects: Battery additives, Lead-acid batteries, Electric conductivity, Hybrid electric vehicles, Electrodes, Titanium, Electric discharges
Abstract: Abstract: In order to adapt lead-acid batteries for use in hybrid electric vehicles, its specific energy must be improved. Specific energy is greatly dependant on active material utilization. In this study, we improve active material utilization in positive electrodes by the addition of electronically conductive additives. Titanium silicide particles (<44μm diameter), titanium dioxide fibers (<10μm, diameter), and titanium wire (76μm, diameter) were incorporated into the positive electrode and each of their effects on discharge capacity and utilization of active material were examined. The percent mass of each additive was varied from 2–5%. Results indicate that titanium wire at 2.3wt.% had the optimal effect of increasing the utilization by 12.3% (57 to 64% utilization) relative to control with no additive at a slow discharge rate (10mAcm−2) without detrimental effect at fast discharge rate (50mAcm−2). This additive also features reduction in weight and formation enhancement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 37159431
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Investigation on electronically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ponraj%2C+Rubha%22&quot;&gt;Ponraj, Rubha&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22McAllister%2C+Simon+D%2E%22&quot;&gt;McAllister, Simon D.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cheng%2C+I%2E+Francis%22&quot;&gt;Cheng, I. Francis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; ifcheng@uidaho.edu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Edwards%2C+Dean+B%2E%22&quot;&gt;Edwards, Dean B.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; dedwards@uidaho.edu&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Journal+of+Power+Sources%22&quot;&gt;Journal of Power Sources&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Apr2009, Vol. 189 Issue 2, p1199-1203. 5p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Battery+additives%22&quot;&gt;Battery additives&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Lead-acid+batteries%22&quot;&gt;Lead-acid batteries&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Electric+conductivity%22&quot;&gt;Electric conductivity&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Hybrid+electric+vehicles%22&quot;&gt;Hybrid electric vehicles&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Electrodes%22&quot;&gt;Electrodes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Titanium%22&quot;&gt;Titanium&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Electric+discharges%22&quot;&gt;Electric discharges&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Abstract: In order to adapt lead-acid batteries for use in hybrid electric vehicles, its specific energy must be improved. Specific energy is greatly dependant on active material utilization. In this study, we improve active material utilization in positive electrodes by the addition of electronically conductive additives. Titanium silicide particles (&lt;44μm diameter), titanium dioxide fibers (&lt;10μm, diameter), and titanium wire (76μm, diameter) were incorporated into the positive electrode and each of their effects on discharge capacity and utilization of active material were examined. The percent mass of each additive was varied from 2–5%. Results indicate that titanium wire at 2.3wt.% had the optimal effect of increasing the utilization by 12.3% (57 to 64% utilization) relative to control with no additive at a slow discharge rate (10mAcm−2) without detrimental effect at fast discharge rate (50mAcm−2). This additive also features reduction in weight and formation enhancement. [Copyright &amp;y&amp; Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.077
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 5
        StartPage: 1199
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Battery additives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lead-acid batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hybrid electric vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Titanium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric discharges
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Investigation on electronically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ponraj, Rubha
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            NameFull: McAllister, Simon D.
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            NameFull: Cheng, I. Francis
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            NameFull: Edwards, Dean B.
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            – D: 15
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2009
              Type: published
              Y: 2009
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              Value: 03787753
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              Value: 189
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              Value: 2
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Power Sources
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