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In situ and laboratory studies of radiofrequency propagation through ice and implications for siting a large-scale Antarctic neutrino detector

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Title: In situ and laboratory studies of radiofrequency propagation through ice and implications for siting a large-scale Antarctic neutrino detector
Authors: Besson, D. dbesson@ku.edu, Keast, R.1, Velasco, R.1
Source: Astroparticle Physics. Jun2009, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p348-358. 11p.
Subjects: Neutrinos, Radio frequency, Geomagnetism, Antarctic ice
Abstract: Abstract: We report on two studies of radiowave ice response, relevant to the construction of a large-scale, future ultra-high energy neutrino detector in Antarctica. We are specifically interested in the relative merits of South Pole as a detection site. First, using a bistatic radar system on the ice surface, we have studied radiofrequency reflections off internal layers in Antarctic ice at the South Pole. In contrast to nearly all previous measurements, our measurements are conducted exclusively in the time-domain. The total propagation time of ∼ns-duration, vertically broadcast radio signals, as a function of polarization axis in the horizontal plane, provides a direct probe of the geometry-dependence of the ice permittivity to depths of 1–2km. Previous work has inferred birefringent asymmetries based on the elliptical polarization of signal returns at a fixed frequency as a function of depth. However, such polarization is not an unambiguous signature of birefringence, and could be due to anisotropic reflecting layers and/or Faraday rotation. We do not observe direct evidence for birefringent-induced effects at fractional levels less than . Second, we have performed a laboratory study of microwave Faraday rotation through ice. Although expected to be small, (to our knowledge) there are no previous measurements of this parameter, which, if substantial, would tend to reduce the neutrino detection estimates for existing and planned experiments. Our results indicate that the signal rotation through 3km of ice in the South Polar geomagnetic field corresponds to a de-polarization of less than 10% in transmitted power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 40633467
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  Label: Title
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  Data: In situ and laboratory studies of radiofrequency propagation through ice and implications for siting a large-scale Antarctic neutrino detector
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Besson%2C+D%2E%22">Besson, D.</searchLink><i> dbesson@ku.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Keast%2C+R%2E%22">Keast, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Velasco%2C+R%2E%22">Velasco, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Astroparticle+Physics%22">Astroparticle Physics</searchLink>. Jun2009, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p348-358. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neutrinos%22">Neutrinos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radio+frequency%22">Radio frequency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geomagnetism%22">Geomagnetism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antarctic+ice%22">Antarctic ice</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: We report on two studies of radiowave ice response, relevant to the construction of a large-scale, future ultra-high energy neutrino detector in Antarctica. We are specifically interested in the relative merits of South Pole as a detection site. First, using a bistatic radar system on the ice surface, we have studied radiofrequency reflections off internal layers in Antarctic ice at the South Pole. In contrast to nearly all previous measurements, our measurements are conducted exclusively in the time-domain. The total propagation time of ∼ns-duration, vertically broadcast radio signals, as a function of polarization axis in the horizontal plane, provides a direct probe of the geometry-dependence of the ice permittivity to depths of 1–2km. Previous work has inferred birefringent asymmetries based on the elliptical polarization of signal returns at a fixed frequency as a function of depth. However, such polarization is not an unambiguous signature of birefringence, and could be due to anisotropic reflecting layers and/or Faraday rotation. We do not observe direct evidence for birefringent-induced effects at fractional levels less than . Second, we have performed a laboratory study of microwave Faraday rotation through ice. Although expected to be small, (to our knowledge) there are no previous measurements of this parameter, which, if substantial, would tend to reduce the neutrino detection estimates for existing and planned experiments. Our results indicate that the signal rotation through 3km of ice in the South Polar geomagnetic field corresponds to a de-polarization of less than 10% in transmitted power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.03.009
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 348
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Neutrinos
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radio frequency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geomagnetism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antarctic ice
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: In situ and laboratory studies of radiofrequency propagation through ice and implications for siting a large-scale Antarctic neutrino detector
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              Text: Jun2009
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