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Recent climate forcing and physical oceanographic changes in Northern Hemisphere regions: A review and comparison of four marine ecosystems

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Title: Recent climate forcing and physical oceanographic changes in Northern Hemisphere regions: A review and comparison of four marine ecosystems
Authors: Drinkwater, K.F.1 ken.drinkwater@imr.no, Mueter, F.2, Friedland, K.D.3, Taylor, M.4, Hunt, G.L.5, Hare, J.3, Melle, W.1
Source: Progress in Oceanography. Apr2009, Vol. 81 Issue 1-4, p10-28. 19p.
Subjects: Marine ecology, Oceanographic research, Climate change
Geographic Terms: Gulf of Alaska (Alaska), Bering Sea, Pacific Ocean, Alaska, Norwegian Sea, Northern Hemisphere, Georges Bank, Atlantic Ocean
Abstract: Abstract: As part of a project comparing the structure and function of four marine ecosystems off Norway and the United States, this paper examines the oceanographic responses to climate forcing, with emphasis on recent changes. The four Northern Hemisphere ecosystems include two in the Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska) and two in the Atlantic Ocean (Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine and the Barents/Norwegian Seas). Air temperatures, wind forcing and heat fluxes over the four regions are compared as well as ocean hydrography and sea-ice conditions where seasonal sea ice is found. The long-term interannual variability in air temperatures, winds and net heat fluxes show strong similarity between adjacent ecosystems and within subregions of an ecosystem, but no significant correlations between Pacific and Atlantic ecosystems and few across the Atlantic. In spite of the lack of correlation between climate forcing and ocean conditions between most of the ecosystems, recent years have seen record or near record highs in air and sea temperatures in all ecosystems. The apparent causes of the warming differ. In the Atlantic, they appear to be due to advection, while in the Pacific temperatures are more closely linked to air-sea heat exchanges. Advection is also responsible for the observed changes in salinity in the Atlantic ecosystems (generally increasing salinity in the Barents and Norwegian Seas and decreasing in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank) while salinity changes in the Gulf of Alaska are largely related to increased local runoff. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Progress in Oceanography is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 43525210
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Recent climate forcing and physical oceanographic changes in Northern Hemisphere regions: A review and comparison of four marine ecosystems
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Drinkwater%2C+K%2EF%2E%22">Drinkwater, K.F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ken.drinkwater@imr.no</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mueter%2C+F%2E%22">Mueter, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Friedland%2C+K%2ED%2E%22">Friedland, K.D.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taylor%2C+M%2E%22">Taylor, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hunt%2C+G%2EL%2E%22">Hunt, G.L.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hare%2C+J%2E%22">Hare, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melle%2C+W%2E%22">Melle, W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Progress+in+Oceanography%22">Progress in Oceanography</searchLink>. Apr2009, Vol. 81 Issue 1-4, p10-28. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+ecology%22">Marine ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceanographic+research%22">Oceanographic research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gulf+of+Alaska+%28Alaska%29%22">Gulf of Alaska (Alaska)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bering+Sea%22">Bering Sea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pacific+Ocean%22">Pacific Ocean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alaska%22">Alaska</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Norwegian+Sea%22">Norwegian Sea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Northern+Hemisphere%22">Northern Hemisphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Georges+Bank%22">Georges Bank</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atlantic+Ocean%22">Atlantic Ocean</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: As part of a project comparing the structure and function of four marine ecosystems off Norway and the United States, this paper examines the oceanographic responses to climate forcing, with emphasis on recent changes. The four Northern Hemisphere ecosystems include two in the Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska) and two in the Atlantic Ocean (Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine and the Barents/Norwegian Seas). Air temperatures, wind forcing and heat fluxes over the four regions are compared as well as ocean hydrography and sea-ice conditions where seasonal sea ice is found. The long-term interannual variability in air temperatures, winds and net heat fluxes show strong similarity between adjacent ecosystems and within subregions of an ecosystem, but no significant correlations between Pacific and Atlantic ecosystems and few across the Atlantic. In spite of the lack of correlation between climate forcing and ocean conditions between most of the ecosystems, recent years have seen record or near record highs in air and sea temperatures in all ecosystems. The apparent causes of the warming differ. In the Atlantic, they appear to be due to advection, while in the Pacific temperatures are more closely linked to air-sea heat exchanges. Advection is also responsible for the observed changes in salinity in the Atlantic ecosystems (generally increasing salinity in the Barents and Norwegian Seas and decreasing in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank) while salinity changes in the Gulf of Alaska are largely related to increased local runoff. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Progress in Oceanography is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=43525210
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.003
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 10
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Marine ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oceanographic research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gulf of Alaska (Alaska)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bering Sea
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pacific Ocean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alaska
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Norwegian Sea
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Northern Hemisphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Georges Bank
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      – SubjectFull: Atlantic Ocean
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              Text: Apr2009
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