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Cu deficiency in multi-stage co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 for solar cells applications: Microstructure and Ga in-depth alloying

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Title: Cu deficiency in multi-stage co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 for solar cells applications: Microstructure and Ga in-depth alloying
Authors: Caballero, R.1 raquel.caballero@helmholtz-berlin.de, Izquierdo-Roca, V.2, Fontané, X.3, Kaufmann, C.A.1, Álvarez-García, J.4, Eicke, A.5, Calvo-Barrio, L.6, Pérez-Rodríguez, A.2,3, Schock, H.W.1, Morante, J.R.2,3
Source: Acta Materialia. May2010, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p3468-3476. 9p.
Subjects: Solar cells, Selenides, Copper, Evaporation (Chemistry), Microstructure, Electric properties of thin films, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy
Abstract: Abstract: The objective of this work is to study the influence of the maximum Cu content during the deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) by multi-stage co-evaporation on the phases present in the final film, the film structure and the electrical properties of resulting solar cell devices. The variation of the composition is controlled by the Cu content in stage 2 of the deposition process. The different phases are identified by Raman spectroscopy. The in-depth Ga gradient distribution is investigated by in-depth resolved Raman scattering and secondary neutral mass spectroscopy. The morphology of the devices is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Efficiencies of 9.2% are obtained for ordered-vacancy-compound-based cells with a Cu/(In+Ga) ratio=0.35, showing the system’s flexibility. This work supports the current growth model: a small amount of Cu excess during the absorber process is required to obtain a quality microstructure and high performance devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 49790473
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  Data: Cu deficiency in multi-stage co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se<subscript>2</subscript> for solar cells applications: Microstructure and Ga in-depth alloying
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caballero%2C+R%2E%22">Caballero, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> raquel.caballero@helmholtz-berlin.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Izquierdo-Roca%2C+V%2E%22">Izquierdo-Roca, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fontané%2C+X%2E%22">Fontané, X.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaufmann%2C+C%2EA%2E%22">Kaufmann, C.A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Álvarez-García%2C+J%2E%22">Álvarez-García, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eicke%2C+A%2E%22">Eicke, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Calvo-Barrio%2C+L%2E%22">Calvo-Barrio, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pérez-Rodríguez%2C+A%2E%22">Pérez-Rodríguez, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schock%2C+H%2EW%2E%22">Schock, H.W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morante%2C+J%2ER%2E%22">Morante, J.R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Materialia%22">Acta Materialia</searchLink>. May2010, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p3468-3476. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Selenides%22">Selenides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper%22">Copper</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaporation+%28Chemistry%29%22">Evaporation (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+properties+of+thin+films%22">Electric properties of thin films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+spectroscopy%22">Raman spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: The objective of this work is to study the influence of the maximum Cu content during the deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) by multi-stage co-evaporation on the phases present in the final film, the film structure and the electrical properties of resulting solar cell devices. The variation of the composition is controlled by the Cu content in stage 2 of the deposition process. The different phases are identified by Raman spectroscopy. The in-depth Ga gradient distribution is investigated by in-depth resolved Raman scattering and secondary neutral mass spectroscopy. The morphology of the devices is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Efficiencies of 9.2% are obtained for ordered-vacancy-compound-based cells with a Cu/(In+Ga) ratio=0.35, showing the system’s flexibility. This work supports the current growth model: a small amount of Cu excess during the absorber process is required to obtain a quality microstructure and high performance devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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