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X-ray phase contrast imaging at MAMI.

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Title: X-ray phase contrast imaging at MAMI.
Authors: El-Ghazaly, M.1, Backe, H.1, Lauth, W.1, Kube, G.2, Kunz, P.1, Sharafutdinov, A.1, Weber, T.1
Source: European Physical Journal A -- Hadrons & Nuclei. May2006 Supplment, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p197-208. 12p. 4 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 8 Graphs.
Subjects: Microtrons, X-ray microscopy, Spectral energy distribution, Holography, Phase-contrast microscopy, Bragg gratings
Abstract: Experiments have been performed to explore the potential of the low emittance 855MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI for imaging with coherent X-rays. Transition radiation from a micro-focused electron beam traversing a foil stack served as X-ray source with good transverse coherence. Refraction contrast radiographs of low absorbing materials, in particular polymer strings with diameters between 30 and 450μm, were taken with a polychromatic transition radiation X-ray source with a spectral distribution in the energy range between 8 and about 40keV. The electron beam spot size had standard deviation σh = (8.6±0.1)μm in the horizontal and σv = (7.5±0.1)μm in the vertical direction. X-ray films were used as detectors. The source-to-detector distance amounted to 11.4m. The objects were placed in a distance of up to 6m from the X-ray film. Holograms of strings were taken with a beam spot size σv = (0.50±0.05)μm in vertical direction, and a monochromatic X-ray beam of 6keV energy. A good longitudinal coherence has been obtained by the (111) reflection of a flat silicon single crystal in Bragg geometry. It has been demonstrated that a direct exposure CCD chip with a pixel size of 13×13μm^2 provides a highly efficient on-line detector. Contrast images can easily be generated with a complete elimination of all parasitic background. The on-line capability allows a minimization of the beam spot size by observing the smallest visible interference fringe spacings or the number of visible fringes. It has been demonstrated that X-ray films are also very useful detectors. The main advantage in comparison with the direct exposure CCD chip is the resolution. For the Structurix D3 (Agfa) X-ray film the standard deviation of the resolution was measured to be σf = (1.2±0.4)μm, which is about a factor of 6 better than for the direct exposure CCD chip. With the small effective X-ray spot size in vertical direction of σv = (1.2±0.3)μm and a geometrical magnification of up to 7.4 high-quality holograms of tiny transparent strings were taken in which the holographic information is contained in up to 18 interference fringes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal A -- Hadrons & Nuclei is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: X-ray phase contrast imaging at MAMI.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+A+--+Hadrons+%26+Nuclei%22">European Physical Journal A -- Hadrons & Nuclei</searchLink>. May2006 Supplment, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p197-208. 12p. 4 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 8 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microtrons%22">Microtrons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+microscopy%22">X-ray microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spectral+energy+distribution%22">Spectral energy distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Holography%22">Holography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase-contrast+microscopy%22">Phase-contrast microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bragg+gratings%22">Bragg gratings</searchLink>
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  Data: Experiments have been performed to explore the potential of the low emittance 855MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI for imaging with coherent X-rays. Transition radiation from a micro-focused electron beam traversing a foil stack served as X-ray source with good transverse coherence. Refraction contrast radiographs of low absorbing materials, in particular polymer strings with diameters between 30 and 450μm, were taken with a polychromatic transition radiation X-ray source with a spectral distribution in the energy range between 8 and about 40keV. The electron beam spot size had standard deviation σh = (8.6±0.1)μm in the horizontal and σv = (7.5±0.1)μm in the vertical direction. X-ray films were used as detectors. The source-to-detector distance amounted to 11.4m. The objects were placed in a distance of up to 6m from the X-ray film. Holograms of strings were taken with a beam spot size σv = (0.50±0.05)μm in vertical direction, and a monochromatic X-ray beam of 6keV energy. A good longitudinal coherence has been obtained by the (111) reflection of a flat silicon single crystal in Bragg geometry. It has been demonstrated that a direct exposure CCD chip with a pixel size of 13×13μm^2 provides a highly efficient on-line detector. Contrast images can easily be generated with a complete elimination of all parasitic background. The on-line capability allows a minimization of the beam spot size by observing the smallest visible interference fringe spacings or the number of visible fringes. It has been demonstrated that X-ray films are also very useful detectors. The main advantage in comparison with the direct exposure CCD chip is the resolution. For the Structurix D3 (Agfa) X-ray film the standard deviation of the resolution was measured to be σf = (1.2±0.4)μm, which is about a factor of 6 better than for the direct exposure CCD chip. With the small effective X-ray spot size in vertical direction of σv = (1.2±0.3)μm and a geometrical magnification of up to 7.4 high-quality holograms of tiny transparent strings were taken in which the holographic information is contained in up to 18 interference fringes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal A -- Hadrons & Nuclei is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epja/i2006-09-021-6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 197
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      – SubjectFull: Microtrons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectral energy distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Holography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase-contrast microscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Bragg gratings
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      – TitleFull: X-ray phase contrast imaging at MAMI.
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              Text: May2006 Supplment
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