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Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake

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Title: Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake
Authors: Hovius, Niels1 nhovius@esc.cam.ac.uk, Meunier, Patrick2 meunier@geologie.ens.fr, Lin, Ching-Weei3 chingwee@mail.ncku.edu.tw, Chen, Hongey4 hchen@ntu.edu.tw, Chen, Yue-Gau4 ygchen@ntu.edu.tw, Dadson, Simon5 sjdad@ceh.ac.uk, Horng, Ming-Jame6 mjhorng@wra.gov.tw, Lines, Max1
Source: Earth & Planetary Science Letters. Apr2011, Vol. 304 Issue 3/4, p347-355. 9p.
Subjects: Earthquakes, Seismology, Erosion, Mass budget (Geophysics), Landslides, Sediment transport, Orogeny, Chi-chi Earthquake, Taiwan, 1999
Geographic Terms: Taiwan
Abstract: Abstract: Large earthquakes deform the Earth''s surface and drive topographic growth in the frontal zones of mountain belts. They also induce widespread mass wasting, reducing relief. The sum of these two opposing effects is unknown. Using a time series of landslide maps and suspended sediment transport data, we show that the MW7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan was followed by a period of enhanced mass wasting and fluvial sediment evacuation, peaking at more than five times the background rate and returning progressively to pre-earthquake levels in about six years. Therefore it is now possible to calculate the mass balance and topographic effect of the earthquake. The Choshui River has removed sediment representing more than 30% of the added rock mass from the epicentral area. This has resulted in a reduction of surface uplift by up to 0.25m, or 35% of local elevation change, and a reduction of the area where the Chi-Chi earthquake has built topography. For other large earthquakes, erosion may evolve in similar, predictable ways, reducing the efficiency of mountain building in fold-and-thrust belts and the topographic expression of seismogenic faults, prolonging the risk of triggered processes, and impeding economic regeneration of epicentral areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hovius%2C+Niels%22">Hovius, Niels</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> nhovius@esc.cam.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meunier%2C+Patrick%22">Meunier, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> meunier@geologie.ens.fr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Ching-Weei%22">Lin, Ching-Weei</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> chingwee@mail.ncku.edu.tw</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Hongey%22">Chen, Hongey</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><i> hchen@ntu.edu.tw</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yue-Gau%22">Chen, Yue-Gau</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><i> ygchen@ntu.edu.tw</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dadson%2C+Simon%22">Dadson, Simon</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><i> sjdad@ceh.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Horng%2C+Ming-Jame%22">Horng, Ming-Jame</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><i> mjhorng@wra.gov.tw</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lines%2C+Max%22">Lines, Max</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: Abstract: Large earthquakes deform the Earth''s surface and drive topographic growth in the frontal zones of mountain belts. They also induce widespread mass wasting, reducing relief. The sum of these two opposing effects is unknown. Using a time series of landslide maps and suspended sediment transport data, we show that the MW7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan was followed by a period of enhanced mass wasting and fluvial sediment evacuation, peaking at more than five times the background rate and returning progressively to pre-earthquake levels in about six years. Therefore it is now possible to calculate the mass balance and topographic effect of the earthquake. The Choshui River has removed sediment representing more than 30% of the added rock mass from the epicentral area. This has resulted in a reduction of surface uplift by up to 0.25m, or 35% of local elevation change, and a reduction of the area where the Chi-Chi earthquake has built topography. For other large earthquakes, erosion may evolve in similar, predictable ways, reducing the efficiency of mountain building in fold-and-thrust belts and the topographic expression of seismogenic faults, prolonging the risk of triggered processes, and impeding economic regeneration of epicentral areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.005
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 347
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Earthquakes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seismology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Erosion
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      – SubjectFull: Mass budget (Geophysics)
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      – SubjectFull: Landslides
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      – SubjectFull: Sediment transport
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      – SubjectFull: Orogeny
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      – SubjectFull: Chi-chi Earthquake, Taiwan, 1999
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      – SubjectFull: Taiwan
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              Text: Apr2011
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