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Kraft lignin behavior during reaction in an alkaline medium

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Title: Kraft lignin behavior during reaction in an alkaline medium
Authors: Mancera, C.1, Ferrando, F.1, Salvadó, J.2, El Mansouri, N.E.2 mansouri@urv.net
Source: Biomass & Bioenergy. May2011, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p2072-2079. 8p.
Subjects: Lignins, Sulfate pulping process, Chemical reactions, Hydrocarbons, Gel permeation chromatography, Aliphatic compounds, Hydroxyl group
Abstract: Abstract: The reaction of kraft lignin in an alkaline medium was studied using a microreactor set. Chemical changes in reacted kraft lignins that include ash content, Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin and sugars were studied. Structural characteristics of these lignins were also determined in terms of phenolic-hydroxyl, aliphatic-hydroxyl, methoxyl, Mw, Mn and polydispersity. The techniques employed were HPLC, UV spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and organic gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effects of temperature and reaction time on lignin properties were studied using response surface methodology. The reaction temperature ranged from 116 to 180 °C and the reaction time ranged from 18 to 103 min. The obtained response surfaces show that both factors affected lignin properties within these ranges. The phenolic and aliphatic-hydroxyl content and the number of active sites increased when the treatment severity was increased. Weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn) and solid-yield percentage decreased when the treatment severity was increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Biomass & Bioenergy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 59773502
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Kraft lignin behavior during reaction in an alkaline medium
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mancera%2C+C%2E%22">Mancera, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrando%2C+F%2E%22">Ferrando, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salvadó%2C+J%2E%22">Salvadó, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El+Mansouri%2C+N%2EE%2E%22">El Mansouri, N.E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> mansouri@urv.net</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Biomass+%26+Bioenergy%22">Biomass & Bioenergy</searchLink>. May2011, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p2072-2079. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lignins%22">Lignins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfate+pulping+process%22">Sulfate pulping process</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reactions%22">Chemical reactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrocarbons%22">Hydrocarbons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gel+permeation+chromatography%22">Gel permeation chromatography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aliphatic+compounds%22">Aliphatic compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydroxyl+group%22">Hydroxyl group</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: The reaction of kraft lignin in an alkaline medium was studied using a microreactor set. Chemical changes in reacted kraft lignins that include ash content, Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin and sugars were studied. Structural characteristics of these lignins were also determined in terms of phenolic-hydroxyl, aliphatic-hydroxyl, methoxyl, Mw, Mn and polydispersity. The techniques employed were HPLC, UV spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and organic gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effects of temperature and reaction time on lignin properties were studied using response surface methodology. The reaction temperature ranged from 116 to 180 °C and the reaction time ranged from 18 to 103 min. The obtained response surfaces show that both factors affected lignin properties within these ranges. The phenolic and aliphatic-hydroxyl content and the number of active sites increased when the treatment severity was increased. Weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn) and solid-yield percentage decreased when the treatment severity was increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Biomass & Bioenergy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.001
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        Text: English
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              Text: May2011
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