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Chemical analysis and ozone formation potential of exhaust from dual-fuel (liquefied petroleum gas/gasoline) light duty vehicles

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Title: Chemical analysis and ozone formation potential of exhaust from dual-fuel (liquefied petroleum gas/gasoline) light duty vehicles
Authors: Adam, T.W.1 dr-thomas-adam@gmx.net, Astorga, C.1, Clairotte, M.1, Duane, M.1, Elsasser, M.2,3, Krasenbrink, A.1, Larsen, B.R.1, Manfredi, U.1, Martini, G.1, Montero, L.1, Sklorz, M.3, Zimmermann, R.2,3, Perujo, A.1 adolfo.perujo@ec.europa.eu
Source: Atmospheric Environment. May2011, Vol. 45 Issue 17, p2842-2848. 7p.
Subjects: Analytical chemistry, Atmospheric ozone, Gasoline, Diesel motor exhaust gas, Air pollution, Emissions (Air pollution), Hydrocarbons, Environmental engineering, Liquefied petroleum gas
Abstract: Abstract: Measures must be undertaken to lower the transport sector’s contribution to anthropogenic emissions. Vehicles powered by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are an option due to their reduced emissions of air pollutants compared to engines with conventional fuels. In the present study, ten different dual-fuel LPG/gasoline light duty vehicles were tested, which all complied with European emission level legislation EURO-4. Tests with LPG and gasoline were performed on a chassis dynamometer by applying the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and emission factors and ozone formation potentials of both kinds of fuels were compared. The components investigated comprised regulated compounds, CO2, volatile hydrocarbons and carbonyls. On-line analysis of aromatic species was carried out by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI–TOFMS). We demonstrate that utilization of LPG can entail some environmental benefits by reducing emissions. However, for dual-fuel LPG/gasoline vehicles running on LPG the benefits are less than expected. The main reason is that dual-fuel vehicles usually start the engine up on gasoline even when LPG is selected as fuel. This cold-start phase is crucial for the quality of the emissions. Moreover, we demonstrate an influence on the chemical composition of emissions of vehicle performance, fuel and the evaporative emission system of the vehicles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 60432301
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Chemical analysis and ozone formation potential of exhaust from dual-fuel (liquefied petroleum gas/gasoline) light duty vehicles
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam%2C+T%2EW%2E%22">Adam, T.W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> dr-thomas-adam@gmx.net</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Astorga%2C+C%2E%22">Astorga, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clairotte%2C+M%2E%22">Clairotte, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duane%2C+M%2E%22">Duane, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elsasser%2C+M%2E%22">Elsasser, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krasenbrink%2C+A%2E%22">Krasenbrink, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Larsen%2C+B%2ER%2E%22">Larsen, B.R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manfredi%2C+U%2E%22">Manfredi, U.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martini%2C+G%2E%22">Martini, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Montero%2C+L%2E%22">Montero, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sklorz%2C+M%2E%22">Sklorz, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zimmermann%2C+R%2E%22">Zimmermann, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perujo%2C+A%2E%22">Perujo, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> adolfo.perujo@ec.europa.eu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Atmospheric+Environment%22">Atmospheric Environment</searchLink>. May2011, Vol. 45 Issue 17, p2842-2848. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+chemistry%22">Analytical chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+ozone%22">Atmospheric ozone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gasoline%22">Gasoline</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diesel+motor+exhaust+gas%22">Diesel motor exhaust gas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+pollution%22">Air pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emissions+%28Air+pollution%29%22">Emissions (Air pollution)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrocarbons%22">Hydrocarbons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+engineering%22">Environmental engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquefied+petroleum+gas%22">Liquefied petroleum gas</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: Measures must be undertaken to lower the transport sector’s contribution to anthropogenic emissions. Vehicles powered by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are an option due to their reduced emissions of air pollutants compared to engines with conventional fuels. In the present study, ten different dual-fuel LPG/gasoline light duty vehicles were tested, which all complied with European emission level legislation EURO-4. Tests with LPG and gasoline were performed on a chassis dynamometer by applying the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and emission factors and ozone formation potentials of both kinds of fuels were compared. The components investigated comprised regulated compounds, CO2, volatile hydrocarbons and carbonyls. On-line analysis of aromatic species was carried out by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI–TOFMS). We demonstrate that utilization of LPG can entail some environmental benefits by reducing emissions. However, for dual-fuel LPG/gasoline vehicles running on LPG the benefits are less than expected. The main reason is that dual-fuel vehicles usually start the engine up on gasoline even when LPG is selected as fuel. This cold-start phase is crucial for the quality of the emissions. Moreover, we demonstrate an influence on the chemical composition of emissions of vehicle performance, fuel and the evaporative emission system of the vehicles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=60432301
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        Value: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.002
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 2842
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      – SubjectFull: Analytical chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric ozone
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      – SubjectFull: Gasoline
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diesel motor exhaust gas
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      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
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      – SubjectFull: Emissions (Air pollution)
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      – SubjectFull: Liquefied petroleum gas
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