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Battery powered electric vehicles charged via solar photovoltaic arrays developed for light agricultural duties in remote hilly areas in the Southern Mediterranean region

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Title: Battery powered electric vehicles charged via solar photovoltaic arrays developed for light agricultural duties in remote hilly areas in the Southern Mediterranean region
Authors: Redpath, David A.G.1 d.redpath@ulster.ac.uk, McIlveen-Wright, David1, Kattakayam, Thomas1, Hewitt, Neil J.1, Karlowski, Jerzy2, Bardi, Ugo3
Source: Journal of Cleaner Production. Nov2011, Vol. 19 Issue 17/18, p2034-2048. 15p.
Subjects: Electric vehicles, Storage batteries, Photovoltaic power generation, Rural electrification, Diesel fuels, Remote area power supply systems, Product life cycle
Geographic Terms: Mediterranean Region
Abstract: Abstract: In the Southern Mediterranean region hilly and remote areas are afflicted with the high cost of diesel fuel, problematic supply, poor or non-existent grid connections and lack of maintenance technicians to service farm grid generation systems and machinery. A prototype Battery Powered Electric Vehicle (BPEV) charged using a solar photovoltaic array (10 kWp) was installed at a monastery situated at Achkout (Lebanon) with a total agricultural area of 50 ha, 10 ha of which was devoted to viticulture. The purpose of this was to investigate the potential for the cleaner production of power hence reducing the use of diesel fuels in agriculture. Data collected from the test site is presented and used to validate a numerical model. The numerical model was then used to extend the study further to the other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea which have different levels of solar irradiance. Currently the average cost of diesel fuel within the EU is at an all-time high of 1.32 €/L. A life cycle costing determined that if the current trends in inflation in the EU continue and that fuel costs increase by 7.5% per annum, then battery powered electric vehicles charged using solar photovoltaics are economically viable in areas of high solar irradiance. The numerical model was then used to determine the outcome of using lithium titanate batteries instead of conventional lead-acid batteries. Adoption of the described system for a 10 ha vineyard would result in annual fuel saving of 4200–5200 L of diesel depending on which location in the Mediterranean area a system such as this is installed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Journal of Cleaner Production is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 65260387
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Battery powered electric vehicles charged via solar photovoltaic arrays developed for light agricultural duties in remote hilly areas in the Southern Mediterranean region
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Redpath%2C+David+A%2EG%2E%22">Redpath, David A.G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> d.redpath@ulster.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McIlveen-Wright%2C+David%22">McIlveen-Wright, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kattakayam%2C+Thomas%22">Kattakayam, Thomas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hewitt%2C+Neil+J%2E%22">Hewitt, Neil J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karlowski%2C+Jerzy%22">Karlowski, Jerzy</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bardi%2C+Ugo%22">Bardi, Ugo</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cleaner+Production%22">Journal of Cleaner Production</searchLink>. Nov2011, Vol. 19 Issue 17/18, p2034-2048. 15p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+vehicles%22">Electric vehicles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Storage+batteries%22">Storage batteries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+generation%22">Photovoltaic power generation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rural+electrification%22">Rural electrification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diesel+fuels%22">Diesel fuels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+area+power+supply+systems%22">Remote area power supply systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Product+life+cycle%22">Product life cycle</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediterranean+Region%22">Mediterranean Region</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: In the Southern Mediterranean region hilly and remote areas are afflicted with the high cost of diesel fuel, problematic supply, poor or non-existent grid connections and lack of maintenance technicians to service farm grid generation systems and machinery. A prototype Battery Powered Electric Vehicle (BPEV) charged using a solar photovoltaic array (10 kWp) was installed at a monastery situated at Achkout (Lebanon) with a total agricultural area of 50 ha, 10 ha of which was devoted to viticulture. The purpose of this was to investigate the potential for the cleaner production of power hence reducing the use of diesel fuels in agriculture. Data collected from the test site is presented and used to validate a numerical model. The numerical model was then used to extend the study further to the other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea which have different levels of solar irradiance. Currently the average cost of diesel fuel within the EU is at an all-time high of 1.32 €/L. A life cycle costing determined that if the current trends in inflation in the EU continue and that fuel costs increase by 7.5% per annum, then battery powered electric vehicles charged using solar photovoltaics are economically viable in areas of high solar irradiance. The numerical model was then used to determine the outcome of using lithium titanate batteries instead of conventional lead-acid batteries. Adoption of the described system for a 10 ha vineyard would result in annual fuel saving of 4200–5200 L of diesel depending on which location in the Mediterranean area a system such as this is installed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cleaner Production is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=65260387
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.07.015
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 2034
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Electric vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Storage batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power generation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural electrification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diesel fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Remote area power supply systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Product life cycle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mediterranean Region
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Battery powered electric vehicles charged via solar photovoltaic arrays developed for light agricultural duties in remote hilly areas in the Southern Mediterranean region
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            NameFull: Karlowski, Jerzy
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2011
              Type: published
              Y: 2011
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              Value: 19
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