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Effects of oxygen vacancy and local spin on the ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped In2O3 powders

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Title: Effects of oxygen vacancy and local spin on the ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped In2O3 powders
Authors: Ma, Rong-Rong1,2, Jiang, Feng-Xian1, Qin, Xiu-Fang1, Xu, Xiao-Hong1 xuxh@dns.sxnu.edu.cn
Source: Materials Chemistry & Physics. Feb2012, Vol. 132 Issue 2/3, p796-799. 4p.
Subjects: Point defects, Oxygen, Nuclear spin, Ferromagnetic materials, Semiconductor doping, Indium oxide, Powder metallurgy, Solid state chemistry, Annealing of crystals, Temperature effect
Abstract: Abstract: (In1−x Ni x )2O3 (x =0.03 and 0.06) powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction and a vacuum annealing process. The air-sintered samples initially showed paramagnetism, and then exhibited obvious room temperature ferromagnetism after vacuum annealing. The ferromagnetic signal almost disappeared after air annealing and reappeared after vacuum annealing. Hence, the ferromagnetism can be switched “on” and “off” by alternate air and vacuum annealing. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field-cooled/zero-field-cooled measurements were performed. These analyses confirmed that there was no detectable trace of Ni or Ni oxide secondary phase in vacuum-annealed (In1−x Ni x )2O3 samples, and that the Ni ions were incorporated into the indium oxide lattice (substituting the In3+ ions). No ferromagnetic signal emerged from pure In2O3 powders regardless of undergoing vacuum or air annealing. These results revealed that oxygen vacancy and local spin are two factors that indispensably affect the ferromagnetic properties of the Ni-doped In2O3 system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Materials Chemistry & Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 71484425
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Effects of oxygen vacancy and local spin on the ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped In<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>3</subscript> powders
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Rong-Rong%22">Ma, Rong-Rong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Feng-Xian%22">Jiang, Feng-Xian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Xiu-Fang%22">Qin, Xiu-Fang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Xiao-Hong%22">Xu, Xiao-Hong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> xuxh@dns.sxnu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+Chemistry+%26+Physics%22">Materials Chemistry & Physics</searchLink>. Feb2012, Vol. 132 Issue 2/3, p796-799. 4p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Point+defects%22">Point defects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxygen%22">Oxygen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nuclear+spin%22">Nuclear spin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ferromagnetic+materials%22">Ferromagnetic materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semiconductor+doping%22">Semiconductor doping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indium+oxide%22">Indium oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Powder+metallurgy%22">Powder metallurgy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid+state+chemistry%22">Solid state chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Annealing+of+crystals%22">Annealing of crystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+effect%22">Temperature effect</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract: (In1−x Ni x )2O3 (x =0.03 and 0.06) powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction and a vacuum annealing process. The air-sintered samples initially showed paramagnetism, and then exhibited obvious room temperature ferromagnetism after vacuum annealing. The ferromagnetic signal almost disappeared after air annealing and reappeared after vacuum annealing. Hence, the ferromagnetism can be switched “on” and “off” by alternate air and vacuum annealing. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field-cooled/zero-field-cooled measurements were performed. These analyses confirmed that there was no detectable trace of Ni or Ni oxide secondary phase in vacuum-annealed (In1−x Ni x )2O3 samples, and that the Ni ions were incorporated into the indium oxide lattice (substituting the In3+ ions). No ferromagnetic signal emerged from pure In2O3 powders regardless of undergoing vacuum or air annealing. These results revealed that oxygen vacancy and local spin are two factors that indispensably affect the ferromagnetic properties of the Ni-doped In2O3 system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials Chemistry & Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.12.014
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Point defects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxygen
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      – SubjectFull: Nuclear spin
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ferromagnetic materials
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      – SubjectFull: Semiconductor doping
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      – SubjectFull: Indium oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Powder metallurgy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solid state chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Annealing of crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature effect
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of oxygen vacancy and local spin on the ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped In2O3 powders
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Ma, Rong-Rong
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            NameFull: Jiang, Feng-Xian
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            NameFull: Qin, Xiu-Fang
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            NameFull: Xu, Xiao-Hong
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              Text: Feb2012
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              Y: 2012
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              Value: 132
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              Value: 2/3
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            – TitleFull: Materials Chemistry & Physics
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