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Roles of Nucleation, Denucleation,Coarsening, and Aggregation Kinetics in Nanoparticle Preparationsand Neurological Disease.

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Title: Roles of Nucleation, Denucleation,Coarsening, and Aggregation Kinetics in Nanoparticle Preparationsand Neurological Disease.
Authors: Skrdla, Peter J.1
Source: Langmuir. Mar2012, Vol. 28 Issue 10, p4842-4857. 16p.
Subjects: Nucleation, Ostwald ripening, Nanoparticles, Chemical kinetics, Clustering of particles, Neurological disorders, Particle size distribution
Abstract: Kinetic models for nucleation, denucleation, Ostwaldripening (OR), and nanoparticle (NP) aggregation are presented anddiscussed from a physicochemical standpoint, in terms of their rolein current NP preparations. Each of the four solid-state mechanismsdiscussed predict a distinct time dependence for the evolution ofthe mean particle radius over time. Additionally, they each predictvisually different particle size distributions (PSDs) under limitingsteady-state (time-independent) conditions. While nucleation and denucleationrepresent phase transformation mechanisms, OR and NP aggregation donot. Thus, when modeling solid-state kinetics relevant to NP processing,either the time evolution of the mean particle radius or the fractionalconversion data should be fit using appropriate models (discussedherein), without confusing/combining the two classes of models. Experimentaldata taken from the recent literature are used to demonstrate theusefulness of the models in real-world applications. Specifically,the following examples are discussed: the preparation of bismuth NPs,the synthesis of copper indium sulfide nanocrystals, and the aggregationof neurological proteins. Because the last process is found to obeyreaction-limited colloid aggregation (RLCA) kinetics, potential connectionsbetween protein aggregation rates, the onset of neurological disease,and population lifespan dynamics are suggested by drawing a parallelbetween RLCA kinetics and Gompertz kinetics. The physical chemistryunderpinning NP aggregation is investigated, and a detailed definitionof the rate constant of aggregation, ka, is put forth that provides insight into the origin of the activationenergy barrier of aggregation. For the two nanocrystal preparationsinvestigated, the initial kinetics are found to be well-describedby the author’s dispersive kinetic model for nucleation-and-growth,while the late-stage NP size evolution is dominated by OR. At intermediatetimes, it is thought that the two mechanisms both contribute to theNP growth, resulting in PSD focusing as discussed in a previous work[Skrdla, P. J. J. Phys. Chem. C2012, 116, 214–225]. On the basis of these twomechanisms, a synthetic procedure for obtaining monodisperse NP PSDs,of small and/or systematically targeted mean sizes, is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Langmuir is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Roles of Nucleation, Denucleation,Coarsening, and Aggregation Kinetics in Nanoparticle Preparationsand Neurological Disease.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nucleation%22">Nucleation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ostwald+ripening%22">Ostwald ripening</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+kinetics%22">Chemical kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clustering+of+particles%22">Clustering of particles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurological+disorders%22">Neurological disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+size+distribution%22">Particle size distribution</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Kinetic models for nucleation, denucleation, Ostwaldripening (OR), and nanoparticle (NP) aggregation are presented anddiscussed from a physicochemical standpoint, in terms of their rolein current NP preparations. Each of the four solid-state mechanismsdiscussed predict a distinct time dependence for the evolution ofthe mean particle radius over time. Additionally, they each predictvisually different particle size distributions (PSDs) under limitingsteady-state (time-independent) conditions. While nucleation and denucleationrepresent phase transformation mechanisms, OR and NP aggregation donot. Thus, when modeling solid-state kinetics relevant to NP processing,either the time evolution of the mean particle radius or the fractionalconversion data should be fit using appropriate models (discussedherein), without confusing/combining the two classes of models. Experimentaldata taken from the recent literature are used to demonstrate theusefulness of the models in real-world applications. Specifically,the following examples are discussed: the preparation of bismuth NPs,the synthesis of copper indium sulfide nanocrystals, and the aggregationof neurological proteins. Because the last process is found to obeyreaction-limited colloid aggregation (RLCA) kinetics, potential connectionsbetween protein aggregation rates, the onset of neurological disease,and population lifespan dynamics are suggested by drawing a parallelbetween RLCA kinetics and Gompertz kinetics. The physical chemistryunderpinning NP aggregation is investigated, and a detailed definitionof the rate constant of aggregation, ka, is put forth that provides insight into the origin of the activationenergy barrier of aggregation. For the two nanocrystal preparationsinvestigated, the initial kinetics are found to be well-describedby the author’s dispersive kinetic model for nucleation-and-growth,while the late-stage NP size evolution is dominated by OR. At intermediatetimes, it is thought that the two mechanisms both contribute to theNP growth, resulting in PSD focusing as discussed in a previous work[Skrdla, P. J. J. Phys. Chem. C2012, 116, 214–225]. On the basis of these twomechanisms, a synthetic procedure for obtaining monodisperse NP PSDs,of small and/or systematically targeted mean sizes, is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Langmuir is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1021/la205034u
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nucleation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ostwald ripening
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clustering of particles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neurological disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particle size distribution
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Roles of Nucleation, Denucleation,Coarsening, and Aggregation Kinetics in Nanoparticle Preparationsand Neurological Disease.
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              Text: Mar2012
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              Y: 2012
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