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Simulating Z-LWC Relations in Natural Fogs with Radiative Transfer Calculations for Future Application to a Cloud Radar Profiler.

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Title: Simulating Z-LWC Relations in Natural Fogs with Radiative Transfer Calculations for Future Application to a Cloud Radar Profiler.
Authors: Maier, F.1 frank.maier@staff.uni-marburg.de, Bendix, J.1, Thies, B.1
Source: Pure & Applied Geophysics. May2012, Vol. 169 Issue 5/6, p793-807. 15p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Fog, Radiative transfer, Radar, Water, Reflectance
Abstract: The vertical distribution of liquid water content (LWC) in natural fog and low stratus is a crucial variable in many applications, e.g. the development of satellite based retrievals of ground fog. Unfortunately, there is very little data concerning fog LWC-profiles, mainly due to the lack of suitable operational instrumentation. A novel ground-based 94 GHz FMCW cloud radar could fill this gap if radar reflectivity Z could be converted to LWC by using appropriate Z-LWC relations. However, this relation strongly depends on drop size distribution (DSD) and is hardly known for natural fog types. In this sensitivity study, the influence of the DSD on the Z-LWC relation in different types and life cycle stages of natural fogs is analyzed using a radiative transfer code (RTC) and published fog drop size distributions. It could be shown that there is a direct but nonlinear relationship between LWC and radar reflectivity. The proportionality factor of the Z-LWC equation in particular reveals specific ranges for the different life cycle stages. If a proper classification of fog life cycle in the field is possible, the results could be used to properly convert Z to LWC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pure & Applied Geophysics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Pure+%26+Applied+Geophysics%22">Pure & Applied Geophysics</searchLink>. May2012, Vol. 169 Issue 5/6, p793-807. 15p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs.
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  Data: The vertical distribution of liquid water content (LWC) in natural fog and low stratus is a crucial variable in many applications, e.g. the development of satellite based retrievals of ground fog. Unfortunately, there is very little data concerning fog LWC-profiles, mainly due to the lack of suitable operational instrumentation. A novel ground-based 94 GHz FMCW cloud radar could fill this gap if radar reflectivity Z could be converted to LWC by using appropriate Z-LWC relations. However, this relation strongly depends on drop size distribution (DSD) and is hardly known for natural fog types. In this sensitivity study, the influence of the DSD on the Z-LWC relation in different types and life cycle stages of natural fogs is analyzed using a radiative transfer code (RTC) and published fog drop size distributions. It could be shown that there is a direct but nonlinear relationship between LWC and radar reflectivity. The proportionality factor of the Z-LWC equation in particular reveals specific ranges for the different life cycle stages. If a proper classification of fog life cycle in the field is possible, the results could be used to properly convert Z to LWC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Pure & Applied Geophysics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiative transfer
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