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Wireless Underwater Communications.

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Title: Wireless Underwater Communications.
Authors: Poncela, J.1 javier@ic.uma.es, Aguayo, M.1, Otero, P.1
Source: Wireless Personal Communications. Jul2012, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p547-560. 14p.
Subjects: Robotics in oceanography, Industrialization, Robot control systems, Electromagnetic devices, Optical radar, Computer network resources
Abstract: The depths of the oceans have a high potential for future industrial development and applications. Robotic autonomous systems will greatly depend on a reliable communications channel with operators and equipment either performing joint operations or on the surface. However, communications must face harsh conditions that hinder the performance. Neither electromagnetic nor optical technologies are suitable for communication because of their short range in this medium. Due to this, acoustic equipment is envisaged as the most appropriate technology, even though it suffers several negative effects such as strong attenuation at high (ultrasonic) frequencies, Doppler shifts and a time-varying multipath. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the acoustic underwater channel and how it impacts the mechanisms at the link and network layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Wireless Personal Communications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: The depths of the oceans have a high potential for future industrial development and applications. Robotic autonomous systems will greatly depend on a reliable communications channel with operators and equipment either performing joint operations or on the surface. However, communications must face harsh conditions that hinder the performance. Neither electromagnetic nor optical technologies are suitable for communication because of their short range in this medium. Due to this, acoustic equipment is envisaged as the most appropriate technology, even though it suffers several negative effects such as strong attenuation at high (ultrasonic) frequencies, Doppler shifts and a time-varying multipath. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the acoustic underwater channel and how it impacts the mechanisms at the link and network layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Wireless Personal Communications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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