Modeling the Residential Infiltration of Outdoor PM2.5 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air).
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| Title: | Modeling the Residential Infiltration of Outdoor PM |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Allen, Ryan W.1 allenr@sfu.ca, Adar, Sara D.2, Avol, Ed3, Cohen, Martin4, Curl, Cynthia L.4, Larson, Timothy4,5, Liu, L. -J. Sally4,6, Sheppard, Lianne4,7, Kaufman, Joel D.4,8,9 |
| Source: | Environmental Health Perspectives. Jun2012, Vol. 120 Issue 6, p824-830. 7p. 2 Charts, 3 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Epidemiology research methodology, Environmental monitoring, Air pollution, Atherosclerosis, Indoor air pollution, Longitudinal method, Questionnaires, Research funding, Seasons, Environmental exposure, Residential patterns, Particulate matter, Statistical models, Descriptive statistics |
| Geographic Terms: | United States |
| Abstract: | Background: Epidemiologic studies of fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5)] typically use outdoor concentrations as exposure surrogates. Failure to account for variation in residential infiltration efficiencies (Finf) will affect epidemiologic study results.Objective: We aimed to develop models to predict Finf for > 6,000 homes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air), a prospective cohort study of PM2.5 exposure, subclinical cardiovascular disease, and clinical outcomes.Methods: We collected 526 two-week, paired indoor-outdoor PM2.5 filter samples from a subset of study homes. PM2.5 elemental composition was measured by X-ray fluorescence, and Finf was estimated as the indoor/outdoor sulfur ratio. We regressed Finf on meteorologic variables and questionnaire-based predictors in season-specific models. Models were evaluated using the R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) from a 10-fold cross-validation.Results: The mean ± SD Finf across all communities and seasons was 0.62 ± 0.21, and community-specific means ranged from 0.47 ± 0.15 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, to 0.82 ± 0.14 in New York, New York. Finf was generally greater during the warm (> 18°C) season. Central air conditioning (AC) use, frequency of AC use, and window opening frequency were the most important predictors during the warm season; outdoor temperature and forced-air heat were the best cold-season predictors. The models predicted 60% of the variance in 2-week Finf, with an RMSE of 0.13.Conclusions: We developed intuitive models that can predict Finf using easily obtained variables. Using these models, MESA Air will be the first large epidemiologic study to incorporate variation in residential Finf into an exposure assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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