A statistically defined anthropomorphic software breast phantom.
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| Title: | A statistically defined anthropomorphic software breast phantom. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Lau, Beverly A.1, Reiser, Ingrid1, Nishikawa, Robert M.1, Bakic, Predrag R.2 |
| Source: | Medical Physics. Jun2012, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p3375-3385. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Breast imaging, Medical statistics, X-rays, Three-dimensional imaging, Medical imaging systems, Clinical trials, Signal-to-noise ratio |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Digital anthropomorphic breast phantoms have emerged in the past decade because of recent advances in 3D breast x-ray imaging techniques. Computer phantoms in the literature have incorporated power-law noise to represent glandular tissue and branching structures to represent linear components such as ducts. When power-law noise is added to those phantoms in one piece, the simulated fibroglandular tissue is distributed randomly throughout the breast, resulting in dense tissue placement that may not be observed in a real breast. The authors describe a method for enhancing an existing digital anthropomorphic breast phantom by adding binarized power-law noise to a limited area of the breast. Methods: Phantoms with (0.5 mm)3 voxel size were generated using software developed by Bakic et al. Between 0% and 40% of adipose compartments in each phantom were replaced with binarized power-law noise (β = 3.0) ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 volumetric glandular fraction. The phantoms were compressed to 7.5 cm thickness, then blurred using a 3 × 3 boxcar kernel and up-sampled to (0.1 mm)3 voxel size using trilinear interpolation. Following interpolation, the phantoms were adjusted for volumetric glandular fraction using global thresholding. Monoenergetic phantom projections were created, including quantum noise and simulated detector blur. Texture was quantified in the simulated projections using power-spectrum analysis to estimate the power-law exponent β from 25.6 × 25.6 mm2 regions of interest. Results: Phantoms were generated with total volumetric glandular fraction ranging from 3% to 24%. Values for β (averaged per projection view) were found to be between 2.67 and 3.73. Thus, the range of textures of the simulated breasts covers the textures observed in clinical images. Conclusions: Using these new techniques, digital anthropomorphic breast phantoms can be generated with a variety of glandular fractions and patterns. β values for this new phantom are comparable with published values for breast tissue in x-ray projection modalities. The combination of conspicuous linear structures and binarized power-law noise added to a limited area of the phantom qualitatively improves its realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 77399515 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A statistically defined anthropomorphic software breast phantom. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lau%2C+Beverly+A%2E%22">Lau, Beverly A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reiser%2C+Ingrid%22">Reiser, Ingrid</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nishikawa%2C+Robert+M%2E%22">Nishikawa, Robert M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bakic%2C+Predrag+R%2E%22">Bakic, Predrag R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Physics%22">Medical Physics</searchLink>. Jun2012, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p3375-3385. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Breast+imaging%22">Breast imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+statistics%22">Medical statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-rays%22">X-rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+imaging%22">Three-dimensional imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+imaging+systems%22">Medical imaging systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clinical+trials%22">Clinical trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal-to-noise+ratio%22">Signal-to-noise ratio</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: Digital anthropomorphic breast phantoms have emerged in the past decade because of recent advances in 3D breast x-ray imaging techniques. Computer phantoms in the literature have incorporated power-law noise to represent glandular tissue and branching structures to represent linear components such as ducts. When power-law noise is added to those phantoms in one piece, the simulated fibroglandular tissue is distributed randomly throughout the breast, resulting in dense tissue placement that may not be observed in a real breast. The authors describe a method for enhancing an existing digital anthropomorphic breast phantom by adding binarized power-law noise to a limited area of the breast. Methods: Phantoms with (0.5 mm)3 voxel size were generated using software developed by Bakic et al. Between 0% and 40% of adipose compartments in each phantom were replaced with binarized power-law noise (β = 3.0) ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 volumetric glandular fraction. The phantoms were compressed to 7.5 cm thickness, then blurred using a 3 × 3 boxcar kernel and up-sampled to (0.1 mm)3 voxel size using trilinear interpolation. Following interpolation, the phantoms were adjusted for volumetric glandular fraction using global thresholding. Monoenergetic phantom projections were created, including quantum noise and simulated detector blur. Texture was quantified in the simulated projections using power-spectrum analysis to estimate the power-law exponent β from 25.6 × 25.6 mm2 regions of interest. Results: Phantoms were generated with total volumetric glandular fraction ranging from 3% to 24%. Values for β (averaged per projection view) were found to be between 2.67 and 3.73. Thus, the range of textures of the simulated breasts covers the textures observed in clinical images. Conclusions: Using these new techniques, digital anthropomorphic breast phantoms can be generated with a variety of glandular fractions and patterns. β values for this new phantom are comparable with published values for breast tissue in x-ray projection modalities. The combination of conspicuous linear structures and binarized power-law noise added to a limited area of the phantom qualitatively improves its realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1118/1.4718576 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 3375 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Breast imaging Type: general – SubjectFull: Medical statistics Type: general – SubjectFull: X-rays Type: general – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional imaging Type: general – SubjectFull: Medical imaging systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Clinical trials Type: general – SubjectFull: Signal-to-noise ratio Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A statistically defined anthropomorphic software breast phantom. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lau, Beverly A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Reiser, Ingrid – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nishikawa, Robert M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bakic, Predrag R. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2012 Type: published Y: 2012 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00942405 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 39 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Medical Physics Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
