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Surface reactions of vapor phase titanium atoms with halogen and nitrogen containing polymers studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy

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Title: Surface reactions of vapor phase titanium atoms with halogen and nitrogen containing polymers studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
Authors: Carlo, S.R.1, Perry, C.C.1, Torres, Jessica1, Wagner, A.J.1, Vecitis, C.1, Fairbrother, D. Howard1,2 howardf@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu
Source: Applied Surface Science. Jul2002, Vol. 195 Issue 1-4, p93. 14p.
Subjects: Chemical reactions, Polytef, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyethylene
Abstract: The surface reactions of vapor phase Ti with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and nitrogen-modified polyethylene (PE) have been studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Titanium reactions with PTFE and PVC surfaces lead to the simultaneous formation of a titanium halide salt and TiC. Titanium reactions with both PTFE and PVC also produced significant morphological changes at the polymer surface. During Ti metallization of PTFE, defluorination did not produce any CF or CF3 species normally observed during defluorination reactions of metal atoms with PTFE. The amount of titanium fluoride present at the metal–polymer interface was enhanced by post-metallization X-ray irradiation. Results on the Ti surface reactions are also compared and contrasted with Fe and Cu reactivity with PTFE and PVC. The reactions of Ti with nitrogen-modified PE lead to the simultaneous formation of TiN and TiC. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that the different nitrogen containing functional groups present in the nitrogen-modified PE were not equally reactive towards Ti metallization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 7851324
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Surface reactions of vapor phase titanium atoms with halogen and nitrogen containing polymers studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carlo%2C+S%2ER%2E%22">Carlo, S.R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perry%2C+C%2EC%2E%22">Perry, C.C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torres%2C+Jessica%22">Torres, Jessica</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wagner%2C+A%2EJ%2E%22">Wagner, A.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vecitis%2C+C%2E%22">Vecitis, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fairbrother%2C+D%2E+Howard%22">Fairbrother, D. Howard</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> howardf@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Surface+Science%22">Applied Surface Science</searchLink>. Jul2002, Vol. 195 Issue 1-4, p93. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reactions%22">Chemical reactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polytef%22">Polytef</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyvinyl+chloride%22">Polyvinyl chloride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethylene%22">Polyethylene</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The surface reactions of vapor phase Ti with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and nitrogen-modified polyethylene (PE) have been studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Titanium reactions with PTFE and PVC surfaces lead to the simultaneous formation of a titanium halide salt and TiC. Titanium reactions with both PTFE and PVC also produced significant morphological changes at the polymer surface. During Ti metallization of PTFE, defluorination did not produce any CF or CF3 species normally observed during defluorination reactions of metal atoms with PTFE. The amount of titanium fluoride present at the metal–polymer interface was enhanced by post-metallization X-ray irradiation. Results on the Ti surface reactions are also compared and contrasted with Fe and Cu reactivity with PTFE and PVC. The reactions of Ti with nitrogen-modified PE lead to the simultaneous formation of TiN and TiC. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that the different nitrogen containing functional groups present in the nitrogen-modified PE were not equally reactive towards Ti metallization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00539-1
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        Text: English
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              Text: Jul2002
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