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Role of Sour Environments on the Corrosion Fatigue Growth Rate of X65 Pipe Steel.

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Title: Role of Sour Environments on the Corrosion Fatigue Growth Rate of X65 Pipe Steel.
Authors: Gui, F.1 feng.gui@dnv.com, Ramgopal, T.1, Muller, M. G.2
Source: Corrosion. Aug2012, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p730-738. 9p.
Subjects: Corrosion & anti-corrosives, Carbon steel, Manganese steel, Hydrogen, Sulfides
Abstract: Corrosion fatigue of C-Mn steels in sour environments is a concern in various offshore applications, particularly for flowlines and risers. The commonly accepted mechanism of the enhanced fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior in these environments is hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen enters in the metal exposed to a sour environment through corrosion reactions occurring on the metal surface (referred to as bulk-charged hydrogen). During crack propagation, the fresh exposed metal at the crack tip under fatigue loading can also react with the corrosive environment and therefore generate hydrogen (referred to as crack tip hydrogen). Potentially, both of these two sources of hydrogen can impact the FCGR of the pipe steel. In this work, it was found that the bulk-charged hydrogen played a more dominant role in enhancing the FCGR of carbon steel in sour environments. The contribution to the FCGR from the crack tip hydrogen is not appreciable. The interaction of the freshly exposed metal with the corrosive environment could lead to the formation of iron(II) sulfide (FeS) film at the crack tip. This could lead to crack closure and decrease the effective ΔK and thus decrease the FCGR at low frequency, particularly at high H2S concentration and low pH environments, which is likely the cause for the observation of a plateau in FCGR in the low-frequency regime for carbon steel in the sour environment. Additionally, the experimental results suggest that although diffusible hydrogen was primarily responsible for the enhanced FCGR in the sour environment, the trapped hydrogen also played some role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Corrosion is the property of Association for Materials Protection & Performance (AMPP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Role of Sour Environments on the Corrosion Fatigue Growth Rate of X65 Pipe Steel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Corrosion%22">Corrosion</searchLink>. Aug2012, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p730-738. 9p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Corrosion fatigue of C-Mn steels in sour environments is a concern in various offshore applications, particularly for flowlines and risers. The commonly accepted mechanism of the enhanced fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior in these environments is hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen enters in the metal exposed to a sour environment through corrosion reactions occurring on the metal surface (referred to as bulk-charged hydrogen). During crack propagation, the fresh exposed metal at the crack tip under fatigue loading can also react with the corrosive environment and therefore generate hydrogen (referred to as crack tip hydrogen). Potentially, both of these two sources of hydrogen can impact the FCGR of the pipe steel. In this work, it was found that the bulk-charged hydrogen played a more dominant role in enhancing the FCGR of carbon steel in sour environments. The contribution to the FCGR from the crack tip hydrogen is not appreciable. The interaction of the freshly exposed metal with the corrosive environment could lead to the formation of iron(II) sulfide (FeS) film at the crack tip. This could lead to crack closure and decrease the effective ΔK and thus decrease the FCGR at low frequency, particularly at high H2S concentration and low pH environments, which is likely the cause for the observation of a plateau in FCGR in the low-frequency regime for carbon steel in the sour environment. Additionally, the experimental results suggest that although diffusible hydrogen was primarily responsible for the enhanced FCGR in the sour environment, the trapped hydrogen also played some role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Corrosion is the property of Association for Materials Protection & Performance (AMPP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.5006/0590
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 730
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      – SubjectFull: Corrosion & anti-corrosives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manganese steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sulfides
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Role of Sour Environments on the Corrosion Fatigue Growth Rate of X65 Pipe Steel.
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            NameFull: Gui, F.
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            NameFull: Ramgopal, T.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2012
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              Y: 2012
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              Value: 68
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