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Vertical divergence of fogwater fluxes above a spruce forest

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Title: Vertical divergence of fogwater fluxes above a spruce forest
Authors: Burkard, R.1 burkard@giub.unibe.ch, Eugster, W.1, Wrzesinsky, T.2, Klemm, O.2
Source: Atmospheric Research. Sep2002, Vol. 64 Issue 1-4, p133. 13p.
Subjects: Fog, Turbulent diffusion (Meteorology), Atmospheric water vapor
Geographic Terms: Germany
Abstract: Two almost identical eddy covariance measurement setups were used to measure the fogwater fluxes to a forest ecosystem in the “Fichtelgebirge” mountains (Waldstein research site, 786 m a.s.l.) in Germany. During the first experiment, an intercomparison was carried out with both setups running simultaneously at the same measuring height on a meteorological tower, 12.5 m above the forest canopy. The results confirmed a close agreement of the turbulent fluxes between the two setups, and allowed to intercalibrate liquid water content (LWC) and gravitational fluxes. During the second experiment, the setups were mounted at a height of 12.5 and 3 m above the canopy, respectively. For the 22 fog events, a persistent negative flux divergence was observed with a greater downward flux at the upper level. To extrapolate the turbulent liquid water fluxes measured at height z to the canopy of height hc, a conversion factor 1/[1+0.116(z−hc)] was determined. For the fluxes of nonvolatile ions, no such correction is necessary since the net evaporation of the fog droplets appears to be the primary cause of the vertical flux divergence. Although the net evaporation reduces the liquid water flux reaching the canopy, it is not expected to change the absolute amount of ions dissolved in fogwater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Vertical divergence of fogwater fluxes above a spruce forest
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Atmospheric+Research%22">Atmospheric Research</searchLink>. Sep2002, Vol. 64 Issue 1-4, p133. 13p.
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  Data: Two almost identical eddy covariance measurement setups were used to measure the fogwater fluxes to a forest ecosystem in the “Fichtelgebirge” mountains (Waldstein research site, 786 m a.s.l.) in Germany. During the first experiment, an intercomparison was carried out with both setups running simultaneously at the same measuring height on a meteorological tower, 12.5 m above the forest canopy. The results confirmed a close agreement of the turbulent fluxes between the two setups, and allowed to intercalibrate liquid water content (LWC) and gravitational fluxes. During the second experiment, the setups were mounted at a height of 12.5 and 3 m above the canopy, respectively. For the 22 fog events, a persistent negative flux divergence was observed with a greater downward flux at the upper level. To extrapolate the turbulent liquid water fluxes measured at height z to the canopy of height hc, a conversion factor 1/[1+0.116(z−hc)] was determined. For the fluxes of nonvolatile ions, no such correction is necessary since the net evaporation of the fog droplets appears to be the primary cause of the vertical flux divergence. Although the net evaporation reduces the liquid water flux reaching the canopy, it is not expected to change the absolute amount of ions dissolved in fogwater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00086-8
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 133
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turbulent diffusion (Meteorology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric water vapor
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      – SubjectFull: Germany
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      – TitleFull: Vertical divergence of fogwater fluxes above a spruce forest
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            NameFull: Wrzesinsky, T.
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2002
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              Y: 2002
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