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Ion fluxes from fog and rain to an agricultural and a forest ecosystem in Europe

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Title: Ion fluxes from fog and rain to an agricultural and a forest ecosystem in Europe
Authors: Thalmann, E.1, Burkard, R.1, Wrzesinsky, T.2, Eugster, W.1 eugster@giub.unibe.ch, Klemm, O.2
Source: Atmospheric Research. Sep2002, Vol. 64 Issue 1-4, p147. 12p.
Subjects: Fog, Acid rain
Geographic Terms: Europe
Abstract: The deposition fluxes of inorganic compounds dissolved in fog and rain were quantified for two different ecosystems in Europe. The fogwater deposition fluxes were measured by employing the eddy covariance method. The site in Switzerland that lies within an agricultural area surrounded by the Jura mountains and the Alps is often exposed to radiation fog. At the German mountain forest ecosystem, on the other hand, advection fog occurs most frequently. At the Swiss site, fogwater deposition fluxes of the dominant components SO42− (0.027 mg S m−2 day−1), NO3− (0.030 mg N m−2 day−1) and NH4+ (0.060 mg N m−2 day−1) were estimated to be <5% of the measured wet deposition (0.85, 0.70 and 1.34 mg m−2 day−1, respectively). The corresponding fluxes at the forest site (0.62, 0.82 and 1.16 mg m−2 day−1, respectively) were of the same order of magnitude as wet deposition (1.04, 1.01 and 1.36 mg m−2 day−1), illustrating the importance of fog (or occult) deposition. Trajectory analyses at the forest site indicate significantly higher fogwater concentrations of all major ions if air originated from the east (i.e. the Czech Republic), which is in close agreement with earlier studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 7873125
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Ion fluxes from fog and rain to an agricultural and a forest ecosystem in Europe
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Atmospheric+Research%22&quot;&gt;Atmospheric Research&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Sep2002, Vol. 64 Issue 1-4, p147. 12p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Fog%22&quot;&gt;Fog&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Acid+rain%22&quot;&gt;Acid rain&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: The deposition fluxes of inorganic compounds dissolved in fog and rain were quantified for two different ecosystems in Europe. The fogwater deposition fluxes were measured by employing the eddy covariance method. The site in Switzerland that lies within an agricultural area surrounded by the Jura mountains and the Alps is often exposed to radiation fog. At the German mountain forest ecosystem, on the other hand, advection fog occurs most frequently. At the Swiss site, fogwater deposition fluxes of the dominant components SO42− (0.027 mg S m−2 day−1), NO3− (0.030 mg N m−2 day−1) and NH4+ (0.060 mg N m−2 day−1) were estimated to be &lt;5% of the measured wet deposition (0.85, 0.70 and 1.34 mg m−2 day−1, respectively). The corresponding fluxes at the forest site (0.62, 0.82 and 1.16 mg m−2 day−1, respectively) were of the same order of magnitude as wet deposition (1.04, 1.01 and 1.36 mg m−2 day−1), illustrating the importance of fog (or occult) deposition. Trajectory analyses at the forest site indicate significantly higher fogwater concentrations of all major ions if air originated from the east (i.e. the Czech Republic), which is in close agreement with earlier studies. [Copyright &amp;y&amp; Elsevier]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00087-X
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 147
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fog
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acid rain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Europe
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Ion fluxes from fog and rain to an agricultural and a forest ecosystem in Europe
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            NameFull: Thalmann, E.
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            NameFull: Burkard, R.
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            NameFull: Wrzesinsky, T.
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            NameFull: Eugster, W.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2002
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              Y: 2002
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