Energy Demands of Nitrogen Supply in Mass Cultivation of Two Commercially Important Microalgal Species, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta.
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| Title: | Energy Demands of Nitrogen Supply in Mass Cultivation of Two Commercially Important Microalgal Species, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta. |
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| Authors: | Hulatt, Chris chris.hulatt@ymparisto.fi, Lakaniemi, Aino-Maija1, Puhakka, Jaakko1, Thomas, David |
| Source: | BioEnergy Research. Sep2012, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p669-684. 16p. |
| Subjects: | Energy consumption, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Microalgae, Biomass production, Photobioreactors, Nitrogen fertilizers |
| Abstract: | Mass culture of microalgae is a potential alternative to cultivation of terrestrial crops for bioenergy production. However, microalgae require nitrogen fertiliser in quantities much higher than plants, and this has important consequences for the energy balance of these systems. The effect of nitrogen fertiliser supplied to microalgal bubble-column photobioreactor cultures was investigated using different nitrogen sources (nitrate, urea, ammonium) and culture conditions (air, 12% CO). In 20 L cultivations, maximum biomass productivity for Chlorella vulgaris cultivated using nitrate and urea was 0.046 and 0.053 g L day, respectively. Maximum biomass productivity for Dunaliella tertiolecta cultivated using nitrate, urea and ammonium was 0.033, 0.038 and 0.038 g L day, respectively. In intensive bubble-column photobioreactors using 12% CO, maximum productivity reached 0.60 and 0.83 g L day for C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta, respectively. Recycling of nitrogen within the photobioreactor system via algal exudation of nitrogenous compounds and bacterial activity was identified as a potentially important process. The energetic penalty incurred by supply of artificial nitrogen fertilisers, phosphorus, power and CO to microalgal photobioreactors was investigated, although analysis of all energy burdens from biomass production to usable energy carriers was not conducted. After subtraction of the power, nitrogen and phosphorus energy burdens, maximum net energy ratios for C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta cultivated in bubble columns were 1.82 and 2.10. Assuming CO was also required from a manufactured source, the net energy ratio decreased to 0.09 and 0.11 for C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta, so that biomass production in this scenario was unsustainable. Although supply of nitrogen is unlikely to be the most energetically costly factor in sparged photobioreactor designs, it is still a very significant penalty. There is a need to optimise both cultivation strategies and recycling of nitrogen in order to improve performance. Data are supported by measurements including biochemical properties (lipid, protein, heating value) and bacterial number by epifluorescence microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of BioEnergy Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Energy Demands of Nitrogen Supply in Mass Cultivation of Two Commercially Important Microalgal Species, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hulatt%2C+Chris%22">Hulatt, Chris</searchLink><i> chris.hulatt@ymparisto.fi</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lakaniemi%2C+Aino-Maija%22">Lakaniemi, Aino-Maija</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Puhakka%2C+Jaakko%22">Puhakka, Jaakko</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thomas%2C+David%22">Thomas, David</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22BioEnergy+Research%22">BioEnergy Research</searchLink>. Sep2012, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p669-684. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chlorella+vulgaris%22">Chlorella vulgaris</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dunaliella+tertiolecta%22">Dunaliella tertiolecta</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microalgae%22">Microalgae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+production%22">Biomass production</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photobioreactors%22">Photobioreactors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogen+fertilizers%22">Nitrogen fertilizers</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Mass culture of microalgae is a potential alternative to cultivation of terrestrial crops for bioenergy production. However, microalgae require nitrogen fertiliser in quantities much higher than plants, and this has important consequences for the energy balance of these systems. The effect of nitrogen fertiliser supplied to microalgal bubble-column photobioreactor cultures was investigated using different nitrogen sources (nitrate, urea, ammonium) and culture conditions (air, 12% CO). In 20 L cultivations, maximum biomass productivity for Chlorella vulgaris cultivated using nitrate and urea was 0.046 and 0.053 g L day, respectively. Maximum biomass productivity for Dunaliella tertiolecta cultivated using nitrate, urea and ammonium was 0.033, 0.038 and 0.038 g L day, respectively. In intensive bubble-column photobioreactors using 12% CO, maximum productivity reached 0.60 and 0.83 g L day for C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta, respectively. Recycling of nitrogen within the photobioreactor system via algal exudation of nitrogenous compounds and bacterial activity was identified as a potentially important process. The energetic penalty incurred by supply of artificial nitrogen fertilisers, phosphorus, power and CO to microalgal photobioreactors was investigated, although analysis of all energy burdens from biomass production to usable energy carriers was not conducted. After subtraction of the power, nitrogen and phosphorus energy burdens, maximum net energy ratios for C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta cultivated in bubble columns were 1.82 and 2.10. Assuming CO was also required from a manufactured source, the net energy ratio decreased to 0.09 and 0.11 for C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta, so that biomass production in this scenario was unsustainable. Although supply of nitrogen is unlikely to be the most energetically costly factor in sparged photobioreactor designs, it is still a very significant penalty. There is a need to optimise both cultivation strategies and recycling of nitrogen in order to improve performance. Data are supported by measurements including biochemical properties (lipid, protein, heating value) and bacterial number by epifluorescence microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of BioEnergy Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s12155-011-9175-x Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 669 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Energy consumption Type: general – SubjectFull: Chlorella vulgaris Type: general – SubjectFull: Dunaliella tertiolecta Type: general – SubjectFull: Microalgae Type: general – SubjectFull: Biomass production Type: general – SubjectFull: Photobioreactors Type: general – SubjectFull: Nitrogen fertilizers Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Energy Demands of Nitrogen Supply in Mass Cultivation of Two Commercially Important Microalgal Species, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hulatt, Chris – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lakaniemi, Aino-Maija – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Puhakka, Jaakko – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Thomas, David IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2012 Type: published Y: 2012 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19391234 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 5 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: BioEnergy Research Type: main |
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