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Metal toxicity assessment in soils using enzymatic activity: Can water be used as a surrogate buffer?

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Title: Metal toxicity assessment in soils using enzymatic activity: Can water be used as a surrogate buffer?
Authors: Lessard, Isabelle1 isabelle.lessard@polymtl.ca, Renella, Giancarlo2, Sauvé, Sébastien3, Deschênes, Louise1
Source: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. Feb2013, Vol. 57, p256-263. 8p.
Subjects: Metal toxicology, Enzyme kinetics, Soil moisture, Soil enzymology, Pollution, Chemical speciation, Soil composition, Buffer solutions
Abstract: Abstract: Ecotoxicological tests based on soil enzyme activity are widely used to assess the terrestrial ecotoxicology of metals in soils. However, several standard enzymatic methods use buffers that may alter the chemical pseudoequilibrium of soils and affect metal speciation, and, in turn, the metal effects on enzymes and enzyme kinetics. Researchers have suggested the use of H2O as a solvent rather than chemical buffers, but opponents are concerned about pH fluctuations during incubation and the resulting difficulty in comparing enzymatic studies. Enzyme assays were conducted on 10 pairs of Zn-contaminated soils to evaluate 1) the buffer effect on Zn lability 2) the pH fluctuation during enzymatic assays conducted in water and 3) the comparison of enzymatic results obtained using chemical buffers versus water. Four standard enzymatic methods covering the major biogeochemical cycles were targeted: arylsulfatase (acetate pH 5.8), urease (borate pH 10), acid phosphatase (modified universal buffer pH 6.5) and protease (THAM pH 8.1). Furthermore, deionized water was tested in parallel as a surrogate solvent for these four methods. With the exception of the acetate buffer, the tested solvents did not significantly change the labile Zn concentration in the soil samples. The pH slightly fluctuated by +0.57 pH unit, corresponding to the intrinsic variability of soils. Enzymatic methods using buffers showed similar results compared to those using water, except for urease. These observations suggest that enzymatic methods setting alkaline conditions should be used with caution and that H2O could be used as surrogate solvent in this context. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Soil Biology & Biochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 85420241
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Metal toxicity assessment in soils using enzymatic activity: Can water be used as a surrogate buffer?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lessard%2C+Isabelle%22">Lessard, Isabelle</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> isabelle.lessard@polymtl.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Renella%2C+Giancarlo%22">Renella, Giancarlo</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sauvé%2C+Sébastien%22">Sauvé, Sébastien</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deschênes%2C+Louise%22">Deschênes, Louise</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Soil+Biology+%26+Biochemistry%22">Soil Biology & Biochemistry</searchLink>. Feb2013, Vol. 57, p256-263. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+toxicology%22">Metal toxicology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enzyme+kinetics%22">Enzyme kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+moisture%22">Soil moisture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+enzymology%22">Soil enzymology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollution%22">Pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+speciation%22">Chemical speciation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+composition%22">Soil composition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buffer+solutions%22">Buffer solutions</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: Ecotoxicological tests based on soil enzyme activity are widely used to assess the terrestrial ecotoxicology of metals in soils. However, several standard enzymatic methods use buffers that may alter the chemical pseudoequilibrium of soils and affect metal speciation, and, in turn, the metal effects on enzymes and enzyme kinetics. Researchers have suggested the use of H2O as a solvent rather than chemical buffers, but opponents are concerned about pH fluctuations during incubation and the resulting difficulty in comparing enzymatic studies. Enzyme assays were conducted on 10 pairs of Zn-contaminated soils to evaluate 1) the buffer effect on Zn lability 2) the pH fluctuation during enzymatic assays conducted in water and 3) the comparison of enzymatic results obtained using chemical buffers versus water. Four standard enzymatic methods covering the major biogeochemical cycles were targeted: arylsulfatase (acetate pH 5.8), urease (borate pH 10), acid phosphatase (modified universal buffer pH 6.5) and protease (THAM pH 8.1). Furthermore, deionized water was tested in parallel as a surrogate solvent for these four methods. With the exception of the acetate buffer, the tested solvents did not significantly change the labile Zn concentration in the soil samples. The pH slightly fluctuated by +0.57 pH unit, corresponding to the intrinsic variability of soils. Enzymatic methods using buffers showed similar results compared to those using water, except for urease. These observations suggest that enzymatic methods setting alkaline conditions should be used with caution and that H2O could be used as surrogate solvent in this context. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Soil Biology & Biochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.09.009
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 256
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Metal toxicology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enzyme kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil moisture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil enzymology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical speciation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil composition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Buffer solutions
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Metal toxicity assessment in soils using enzymatic activity: Can water be used as a surrogate buffer?
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lessard, Isabelle
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            NameFull: Renella, Giancarlo
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            NameFull: Sauvé, Sébastien
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            NameFull: Deschênes, Louise
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2013
              Type: published
              Y: 2013
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              Value: 00380717
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              Value: 57
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            – TitleFull: Soil Biology & Biochemistry
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