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Cone photoreceptor types in zebrafish are generated by symmetric terminal divisions of dedicated precursors.

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Title: Cone photoreceptor types in zebrafish are generated by symmetric terminal divisions of dedicated precursors.
Authors: Sachihiro C. Suzuki1, Bleckert, Adam1, Williams, Philip R.1, Masaki Takechi2, Shoji Kawamura2, Wong, Rachel O. L.1 wongr2@uw.edu
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 9/10/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 37, p15109-15114. 6p.
Subjects: Fish photoreceptors, Zebra danio, Opsin genetics, Cell division, Transgenic fish, Thyroid hormone receptors
Abstract: Proper functioning of sensory systems requires the generation of appropriate numbers and proportions of neuronal subtypes that encode distinct information. Perception of color relies on signals from multiple cone photoreceptor types. In cone-dominated retinas, each cone expresses a single opsin type with peak sensitivity to UV, long (L) (red), medium (M) (green), or short (S) (blue) wavelengths. The modes of cell division generating distinct cone types are unknown. We report here a mechanism whereby zebrafish cone photoreceptors of the same type are produced by symmetric division of dedicated precursors. Transgenic fish in which the thyroid hormone receptor β2 (trβ2) promoter drives fluorescent protein expression before L-cone precursors themselves are produced permitted tracking of their division in vivo. Every L cone in a local region resulted from the terminal division of an L-cone precursor, suggesting that such divisions contribute significantly to L-cone production. Analysis of the fate of isolated pairs of cones and time-lapse observations suggest that other cone types can also arise by symmetric terminal divisions. Such divisions of dedicated precursors may help to rapidly attain the final numbers and proportions of cone types (L > M, UV > S) in zebrafish larvae. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments show that L-opsin expression requires trβ2 activity before cone differentiation. Ectopic expression of trβ2 after cone differentiation produces cones with mixed opsins. Temporal differences in the onset of trβ2 expression could explain why some species have mixed, and others have pure, cone types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 90309135
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Cone photoreceptor types in zebrafish are generated by symmetric terminal divisions of dedicated precursors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sachihiro+C%2E+Suzuki%22">Sachihiro C. Suzuki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bleckert%2C+Adam%22">Bleckert, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Williams%2C+Philip+R%2E%22">Williams, Philip R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Masaki+Takechi%22">Masaki Takechi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shoji+Kawamura%22">Shoji Kawamura</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wong%2C+Rachel+O%2E+L%2E%22">Wong, Rachel O. L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> wongr2@uw.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fish+photoreceptors%22">Fish photoreceptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zebra+danio%22">Zebra danio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opsin+genetics%22">Opsin genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+division%22">Cell division</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transgenic+fish%22">Transgenic fish</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thyroid+hormone+receptors%22">Thyroid hormone receptors</searchLink>
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  Data: Proper functioning of sensory systems requires the generation of appropriate numbers and proportions of neuronal subtypes that encode distinct information. Perception of color relies on signals from multiple cone photoreceptor types. In cone-dominated retinas, each cone expresses a single opsin type with peak sensitivity to UV, long (L) (red), medium (M) (green), or short (S) (blue) wavelengths. The modes of cell division generating distinct cone types are unknown. We report here a mechanism whereby zebrafish cone photoreceptors of the same type are produced by symmetric division of dedicated precursors. Transgenic fish in which the thyroid hormone receptor β2 (trβ2) promoter drives fluorescent protein expression before L-cone precursors themselves are produced permitted tracking of their division in vivo. Every L cone in a local region resulted from the terminal division of an L-cone precursor, suggesting that such divisions contribute significantly to L-cone production. Analysis of the fate of isolated pairs of cones and time-lapse observations suggest that other cone types can also arise by symmetric terminal divisions. Such divisions of dedicated precursors may help to rapidly attain the final numbers and proportions of cone types (L > M, UV > S) in zebrafish larvae. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments show that L-opsin expression requires trβ2 activity before cone differentiation. Ectopic expression of trβ2 after cone differentiation produces cones with mixed opsins. Temporal differences in the onset of trβ2 expression could explain why some species have mixed, and others have pure, cone types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.1303551110
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Opsin genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Thyroid hormone receptors
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      – TitleFull: Cone photoreceptor types in zebrafish are generated by symmetric terminal divisions of dedicated precursors.
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              Text: 9/10/2013
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