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Design Study of a Whole-Body PET Scanner With Improved Spatial and Timing Resolution.

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Title: Design Study of a Whole-Body PET Scanner With Improved Spatial and Timing Resolution.
Authors: Surti, Suleman1, Shore, Adam R.2, Karp, Joel S.3
Source: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. Aug2013 Part 1, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p3220-3226. 7p.
Subjects: Positron emission tomography, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical imaging systems, Monte Carlo method, Imaging phantoms, Precancerous conditions, Diagnosis
Abstract: Current state-of-art whole-body PET scanners achieve a system spatial resolution of 4–5 mm with limited sensitivity. Since the reconstructed spatial resolution and image quality are limited by the count statistics, there has not been a significant push for developing higher resolution whole-body PET scanners. Our goal in this study is to investigate the impact of improved spatial resolution together with time-of-flight (TOF) capability on lesion uptake estimation and lesion detectability, two important tasks in whole-body oncologic studies. The broader goal of this project is the development of a new state-of-art TOF PET scanner operating within an MRI while pushing the technology in PET system design. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to test the effects of crystal size (4 mm and 2.6 mm wide crystals), TOF timing resolution (300 ps and 600 ps), and 2-level depth-of-interaction (DOI) capability. Spatial resolution was calculated by simulating point sources in air at multiple positions. Results show that smaller crystals produced improved resolution, while degradation of resolution due to parallax error could be reduced with a 2-level DOI detector. Lesion phantoms were simulated to measure the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and area under the LROC curve (ALROC) for 0.5 cm diameter lesions with 6:1 activity uptake relative to the background. Smaller crystals produce higher CRC, leading to increased ALROC values or a reduction in scan time. Improved timing resolution provides faster CRC convergence and once again leads to an increase in ALROC value or reduced scan time. Based on our choice of timing resolution and crystal size, improved timing resolution (300 ps) with larger crystals (4 mm wide) has similar ALROC as smaller crystals (2.6 mm wide) with 600 ps timing resolution. A 2-level DOI measurement provides some CRC and ALROC improvement for lesions further away from the center, leading to a more uniform performance within the imaging field-of-view (FOV). Given a choice between having either an improved spatial resolution, improved timing resolution, or DOI capability, improved spatial or timing resolution provide an overall higher ALROC relative to a 2-level DOI detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <?Pub Dtl?>Current state-of-art whole-body PET scanners achieve a system spatial resolution of 4–5 mm with limited sensitivity. Since the reconstructed spatial resolution and image quality are limited by the count statistics, there has not been a significant push for developing higher resolution whole-body PET scanners. Our goal in this study is to investigate the impact of improved spatial resolution together with time-of-flight (TOF) capability on lesion uptake estimation and lesion detectability, two important tasks in whole-body oncologic studies. The broader goal of this project is the development of a new state-of-art TOF PET scanner operating within an MRI while pushing the technology in PET system design. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to test the effects of crystal size (4 mm and 2.6 mm wide crystals), TOF timing resolution (300 ps and 600 ps), and 2-level depth-of-interaction (DOI) capability. Spatial resolution was calculated by simulating point sources in air at multiple positions. Results show that smaller crystals produced improved resolution, while degradation of resolution due to parallax error could be reduced with a 2-level DOI detector. Lesion phantoms were simulated to measure the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and area under the LROC curve (ALROC) for 0.5 cm diameter lesions with 6:1 activity uptake relative to the background. Smaller crystals produce higher CRC, leading to increased ALROC values or a reduction in scan time. Improved timing resolution provides faster CRC convergence and once again leads to an increase in ALROC value or reduced scan time. Based on our choice of timing resolution and crystal size, improved timing resolution (300 ps) with larger crystals (4 mm wide) has similar ALROC as smaller crystals (2.6 mm wide) with 600 ps timing resolution. A 2-level DOI measurement provides some CRC and ALROC improvement for lesions further away from the center, leading to a more uniform performance within the imaging field-of-view (FOV). Given a choice between having either an improved spatial resolution, improved timing resolution, or DOI capability, improved spatial or timing resolution provide an overall higher ALROC relative to a 2-level DOI detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1109/TNS.2013.2265605
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 3220
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Positron emission tomography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical imaging systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Monte Carlo method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Imaging phantoms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Precancerous conditions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diagnosis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Design Study of a Whole-Body PET Scanner With Improved Spatial and Timing Resolution.
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            NameFull: Surti, Suleman
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            NameFull: Shore, Adam R.
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            NameFull: Karp, Joel S.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2013 Part 1
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              Y: 2013
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