Effect of 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity on dual head PET system imaging and data acquisition, simulation, and experimental measurements.
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| Title: | Effect of 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity on dual head PET system imaging and data acquisition, simulation, and experimental measurements. |
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| Authors: | Efthimiou, Nikos1, Loudos, George2, Karakatsanis, Nicolas A.3, Panayiotakis, George S.1 |
| Source: | Medical Physics. Nov2013, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p112505-N.PAG. 10p. |
| Subjects: | Radioactivity, Lutetium, Data acquisition systems, Positron emission tomography, Photon scattering, Image quality in radiography |
| Abstract: | Purpose: In this work, the authors aim for the estimation of the effect of 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity on the performance of a dual head PET system dedicated to small animal imaging. Methods: A prototype camera has been used as a reference system in order to validate two GATE simulation models, which were used for the investigation. The first model includes the 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity, while the second does not. The two models have been designed in order to provide similar sensitivities, in terms of count rate performance and scatter fraction, in the linear range of activities. In addition, the model with the 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity, has been validated in terms of background count rate. Different acquisition schemes have been examined in order to determine the optimum conditions to minimize the 176Lu effects, while maintaining a high trues count rate. In addition, the effect on the image quality, in terms of spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and minimum detectable activity, was investigated. Results: Both models are in good agreement with the measured data. While, the presence of the 176Lu altered the dead time of the model, it also affected the singles, trues, and randoms count rates. The noise equivalent count rate curves of the two models indicate that for low activities, the lack of 176Lu radioactivity leads to better noise properties due to the underestimation of the randoms. Signal-to-noise ratio measurement on coincidence images confirm the aforementioned claim, since the model without the 176Lu provides better less noisy images. Furthermore, the spatial resolution and the minimum detectable activity are overestimated. Conclusions: It has been proven that the lack of the 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity has an impact on the design of the simulation model's dead time. Even if there is an alignment with experimental results still the noise properties, for a wide range of activities, are overestimated. In addition, for low activities, better image quality, is presented, mainly due to the lack of the 176Lu photons which blur the images. Furthermore, it was shown that the use of a high hardware threshold allows the application of a wide energy window, which improves the statistics without a significant compromise on the quality of the detected photons, mainly, due to the early rejection of the low energy photons and the low scatter factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 92707025 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity on dual head PET system imaging and data acquisition, simulation, and experimental measurements. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Efthimiou%2C+Nikos%22">Efthimiou, Nikos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loudos%2C+George%22">Loudos, George</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karakatsanis%2C+Nicolas+A%2E%22">Karakatsanis, Nicolas A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Panayiotakis%2C+George+S%2E%22">Panayiotakis, George S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Physics%22">Medical Physics</searchLink>. Nov2013, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p112505-N.PAG. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioactivity%22">Radioactivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lutetium%22">Lutetium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+acquisition+systems%22">Data acquisition systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Positron+emission+tomography%22">Positron emission tomography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photon+scattering%22">Photon scattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+quality+in+radiography%22">Image quality in radiography</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: In this work, the authors aim for the estimation of the effect of 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity on the performance of a dual head PET system dedicated to small animal imaging. Methods: A prototype camera has been used as a reference system in order to validate two GATE simulation models, which were used for the investigation. The first model includes the 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity, while the second does not. The two models have been designed in order to provide similar sensitivities, in terms of count rate performance and scatter fraction, in the linear range of activities. In addition, the model with the 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity, has been validated in terms of background count rate. Different acquisition schemes have been examined in order to determine the optimum conditions to minimize the 176Lu effects, while maintaining a high trues count rate. In addition, the effect on the image quality, in terms of spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and minimum detectable activity, was investigated. Results: Both models are in good agreement with the measured data. While, the presence of the 176Lu altered the dead time of the model, it also affected the singles, trues, and randoms count rates. The noise equivalent count rate curves of the two models indicate that for low activities, the lack of 176Lu radioactivity leads to better noise properties due to the underestimation of the randoms. Signal-to-noise ratio measurement on coincidence images confirm the aforementioned claim, since the model without the 176Lu provides better less noisy images. Furthermore, the spatial resolution and the minimum detectable activity are overestimated. Conclusions: It has been proven that the lack of the 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity has an impact on the design of the simulation model's dead time. Even if there is an alignment with experimental results still the noise properties, for a wide range of activities, are overestimated. In addition, for low activities, better image quality, is presented, mainly due to the lack of the 176Lu photons which blur the images. Furthermore, it was shown that the use of a high hardware threshold allows the application of a wide energy window, which improves the statistics without a significant compromise on the quality of the detected photons, mainly, due to the early rejection of the low energy photons and the low scatter factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1118/1.4824694 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 112505 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Radioactivity Type: general – SubjectFull: Lutetium Type: general – SubjectFull: Data acquisition systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Positron emission tomography Type: general – SubjectFull: Photon scattering Type: general – SubjectFull: Image quality in radiography Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of 176Lu intrinsic radioactivity on dual head PET system imaging and data acquisition, simulation, and experimental measurements. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Efthimiou, Nikos – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Loudos, George – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Karakatsanis, Nicolas A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Panayiotakis, George S. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 11 Text: Nov2013 Type: published Y: 2013 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00942405 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 40 – Type: issue Value: 11 Titles: – TitleFull: Medical Physics Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
