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Aeropropulsion for Commercial Aviation in the Twenty-First Century and Research Directions Needed.

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Title: Aeropropulsion for Commercial Aviation in the Twenty-First Century and Research Directions Needed.
Authors: Epstein, Alan H.1
Source: AIAA Journal. May2014, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p907-911. 11p.
Subjects: Commercial aeronautics & the environment, Jet propulsion in airplanes, Airplane fuel consumption, Airplane design, Commercial aeronautics research, Environmental impact analysis
Abstract: Two driving imperatives of 21st century commercial aviation are improving fuel consumption and reducing environmental impact. The research important to aeropropulsion's advancing these goals is shaped both by physics of the design space and by design choice. As fuel becomes increasingly more expensive, engine architectures and design details evolve to reflect the new balance between engine fuel consumption, weight, and manufacturing and maintenance costs. The evolution of engine architectures changes the relative value of specific technologies. The engines of the future will be advanced gas turbines due to their superior fuel burn at the aircraft level. They will be fueled by sustainable liquid hydrocarbons. Both the thermal and propulsive efficiency of the gas turbine can be significantly improved. The need to improve propulsive efficiency has driven engine bypass ratio up, to 12 recently, and higher in the future. This is a different, less familiar design space than the 5 to 8 bypass ratio, which characterized the last 40 years of engine experience. Realignment of research priorities is required to address 21st century challenges, such as the knowledge needed to realize efficient engines at very small core sizes. The new challenges open up new opportunities for both designers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Two driving imperatives of 21st century commercial aviation are improving fuel consumption and reducing environmental impact. The research important to aeropropulsion's advancing these goals is shaped both by physics of the design space and by design choice. As fuel becomes increasingly more expensive, engine architectures and design details evolve to reflect the new balance between engine fuel consumption, weight, and manufacturing and maintenance costs. The evolution of engine architectures changes the relative value of specific technologies. The engines of the future will be advanced gas turbines due to their superior fuel burn at the aircraft level. They will be fueled by sustainable liquid hydrocarbons. Both the thermal and propulsive efficiency of the gas turbine can be significantly improved. The need to improve propulsive efficiency has driven engine bypass ratio up, to 12 recently, and higher in the future. This is a different, less familiar design space than the 5 to 8 bypass ratio, which characterized the last 40 years of engine experience. Realignment of research priorities is required to address 21st century challenges, such as the knowledge needed to realize efficient engines at very small core sizes. The new challenges open up new opportunities for both designers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2514/1.J052713
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Commercial aeronautics & the environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Jet propulsion in airplanes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Airplane fuel consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Airplane design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Commercial aeronautics research
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental impact analysis
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      – TitleFull: Aeropropulsion for Commercial Aviation in the Twenty-First Century and Research Directions Needed.
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              Text: May2014
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