In vitro analysis of femtosecond laser as an alternative to acid etching for achieving suitable bond strength of brackets to human enamel.

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Title: In vitro analysis of femtosecond laser as an alternative to acid etching for achieving suitable bond strength of brackets to human enamel.
Authors: Lorenzo, M.1 mcruzlorenzo@hotmail.com, Portillo, M.1, Moreno, P.2, Montero, J.1, Castillo-Oyagüe, R.3, García, A.2, Albaladejo, A.1
Source: Lasers in Medical Science. May2014, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p897-905. 9p.
Subjects: Femtosecond lasers, Dental acid etching, Dental bonding, Bond strengths, Brackets, Dental enamel, Phosphoric acid
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation and orthophosphoric acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Three groups ( n = 20) of extracted premolar teeth were randomly established depending on the laser treatment performed on the buccal surfaces: (1) no laser (control); (2) Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm, 0.8 W, 100 μs/pulse, 10 Hz) and; (3) Ti:Sapphire laser (795 nm, 1 W, 120 fs/pulse, 1 kHz). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to whether 37 %-orthophosphoric acid etching was made after laser irradiation or not. Brackets were randomly luted with Transbond XT adhesive resin. After 72 h, a SBS test was developed in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed, 0.5 mm/min). Representative specimens from each experimental subgroup were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. Cement residuals remaining on the premolar surfaces were assessed using the adhesive remnant index. ANOVA, post-hoc tests for intergroup comparisons, chi-square test and linear regression were run for data analyses ( α = 0.05). After acid etching, SBS values did not differ regardless the laser treatment. When phosphoric acid was not applied, the SBS values of the femtosecond laser group were significantly higher than for the other groups. Femtosecond laser without acid seems to be the most suitable method to improve bond strengths at the bracket/enamel interface, thus avoiding the disadvantages inherent to acid etching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: In vitro analysis of femtosecond laser as an alternative to acid etching for achieving suitable bond strength of brackets to human enamel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lorenzo%2C+M%2E%22">Lorenzo, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> mcruzlorenzo@hotmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Portillo%2C+M%2E%22">Portillo, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moreno%2C+P%2E%22">Moreno, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Montero%2C+J%2E%22">Montero, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castillo-Oyagüe%2C+R%2E%22">Castillo-Oyagüe, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22García%2C+A%2E%22">García, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Albaladejo%2C+A%2E%22">Albaladejo, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Lasers+in+Medical+Science%22">Lasers in Medical Science</searchLink>. May2014, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p897-905. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Femtosecond+lasers%22">Femtosecond lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+acid+etching%22">Dental acid etching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+bonding%22">Dental bonding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bond+strengths%22">Bond strengths</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brackets%22">Brackets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+enamel%22">Dental enamel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phosphoric+acid%22">Phosphoric acid</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study aims to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation and orthophosphoric acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Three groups ( n = 20) of extracted premolar teeth were randomly established depending on the laser treatment performed on the buccal surfaces: (1) no laser (control); (2) Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm, 0.8 W, 100 μs/pulse, 10 Hz) and; (3) Ti:Sapphire laser (795 nm, 1 W, 120 fs/pulse, 1 kHz). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to whether 37 %-orthophosphoric acid etching was made after laser irradiation or not. Brackets were randomly luted with Transbond XT adhesive resin. After 72 h, a SBS test was developed in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed, 0.5 mm/min). Representative specimens from each experimental subgroup were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. Cement residuals remaining on the premolar surfaces were assessed using the adhesive remnant index. ANOVA, post-hoc tests for intergroup comparisons, chi-square test and linear regression were run for data analyses ( α = 0.05). After acid etching, SBS values did not differ regardless the laser treatment. When phosphoric acid was not applied, the SBS values of the femtosecond laser group were significantly higher than for the other groups. Femtosecond laser without acid seems to be the most suitable method to improve bond strengths at the bracket/enamel interface, thus avoiding the disadvantages inherent to acid etching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10103-013-1278-5
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Femtosecond lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental acid etching
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental bonding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bond strengths
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      – SubjectFull: Brackets
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      – SubjectFull: Dental enamel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phosphoric acid
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: In vitro analysis of femtosecond laser as an alternative to acid etching for achieving suitable bond strength of brackets to human enamel.
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              Text: May2014
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