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Linguistic steganalysis using the features derived from synonym frequency.

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Title: Linguistic steganalysis using the features derived from synonym frequency.
Authors: Xiang, Lingyun1 suhong210@yahoo.com.cn, Sun, Xingming2 sunnudt@163.com, Luo, Gang3 luog@yahoo.cn, Xia, Bin3 xnby@foxmail.com
Source: Multimedia Tools & Applications. Aug2014, Vol. 71 Issue 3, p1893-1911. 19p.
Subjects: Cryptography, Easter eggs (Computer programs), Synonyms, Feature selection, Performance evaluation
Abstract: A linguistic steganalysis method is proposed to detect synonym substitution-based steganography, which embeds secret message into a text by substituting words with their synonyms. First, attribute pair of a synonym is introduced to represent its position in an ordered synonym set sorting in descending frequency order and the number of its synonyms. As a result of synonym substitutions, the number of high frequency attribute pairs may be reduced while the number of low frequency attribute pairs would be increased. By theoretically analyzing the changes of the statistical characteristics of attribute pairs caused by SS steganography, a feature vector based on the difference of the relative frequencies of different attribute pairs is utilized to detect the secret message. Finally, the impact on the extracted feature vector caused by synonym coding strategies is analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed linguistic steganalysis method can achieve better detection performance than previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Multimedia Tools & Applications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cryptography%22">Cryptography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Easter+eggs+%28Computer+programs%29%22">Easter eggs (Computer programs)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synonyms%22">Synonyms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feature+selection%22">Feature selection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+evaluation%22">Performance evaluation</searchLink>
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  Data: A linguistic steganalysis method is proposed to detect synonym substitution-based steganography, which embeds secret message into a text by substituting words with their synonyms. First, attribute pair of a synonym is introduced to represent its position in an ordered synonym set sorting in descending frequency order and the number of its synonyms. As a result of synonym substitutions, the number of high frequency attribute pairs may be reduced while the number of low frequency attribute pairs would be increased. By theoretically analyzing the changes of the statistical characteristics of attribute pairs caused by SS steganography, a feature vector based on the difference of the relative frequencies of different attribute pairs is utilized to detect the secret message. Finally, the impact on the extracted feature vector caused by synonym coding strategies is analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed linguistic steganalysis method can achieve better detection performance than previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Multimedia Tools & Applications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Synonyms
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              Text: Aug2014
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