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Savanna fire and the origins of the 'underground forests' of Africa.

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Title: Savanna fire and the origins of the 'underground forests' of Africa.
Authors: Maurin, Olivier1, Davies, T. Jonathan1,2, Burrows, John E.3,4, Daru, Barnabas H.1, Yessoufou, Kowiyou1,5, Muasya, A. Muthama6, Bank, Michelle1, Bond, William J.6,7
Source: New Phytologist. Oct2014, Vol. 204 Issue 1, p201-214. 14p. 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Phylogeny, Meteorological precipitation, Pliocene Epoch, Forests & forestry, Savannas, Grasslands
Geographic Terms: Africa
Abstract: The origin of fire-adapted lineages is a long-standing question in ecology. Although phylogeny can provide a significant contribution to the ongoing debate, its use has been precluded by the lack of comprehensive DNA data. Here, we focus on the 'underground trees' (=geoxyles) of southern Africa, one of the most distinctive growth forms characteristic of fire-prone savannas., We placed geoxyles within the most comprehensive dated phylogeny for the regional flora comprising over 1400 woody species. Using this phylogeny, we tested whether African geoxyles evolved concomitantly with those of the South American cerrado and used their phylogenetic position to date the appearance of humid savannas., We found multiple independent origins of the geoxyle life-form mostly from the Pliocene, a period consistent with the origin of cerrado, with the majority of divergences occurring within the last 2 million yr. When contrasted with their tree relatives, geoxyles occur in regions characterized by higher rainfall and greater fire frequency., Our results indicate that the geoxylic growth form may have evolved in response to the interactive effects of frequent fires and high precipitation. As such, geoxyles may be regarded as markers of fire-maintained savannas occurring in climates suitable for forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22New+Phytologist%22">New Phytologist</searchLink>. Oct2014, Vol. 204 Issue 1, p201-214. 14p. 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: The origin of fire-adapted lineages is a long-standing question in ecology. Although phylogeny can provide a significant contribution to the ongoing debate, its use has been precluded by the lack of comprehensive DNA data. Here, we focus on the 'underground trees' (=geoxyles) of southern Africa, one of the most distinctive growth forms characteristic of fire-prone savannas., We placed geoxyles within the most comprehensive dated phylogeny for the regional flora comprising over 1400 woody species. Using this phylogeny, we tested whether African geoxyles evolved concomitantly with those of the South American cerrado and used their phylogenetic position to date the appearance of humid savannas., We found multiple independent origins of the geoxyle life-form mostly from the Pliocene, a period consistent with the origin of cerrado, with the majority of divergences occurring within the last 2 million yr. When contrasted with their tree relatives, geoxyles occur in regions characterized by higher rainfall and greater fire frequency., Our results indicate that the geoxylic growth form may have evolved in response to the interactive effects of frequent fires and high precipitation. As such, geoxyles may be regarded as markers of fire-maintained savannas occurring in climates suitable for forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/nph.12936
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 201
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      – SubjectFull: Meteorological precipitation
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      – SubjectFull: Pliocene Epoch
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      – SubjectFull: Savannas
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      – SubjectFull: Grasslands
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      – SubjectFull: Africa
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      – TitleFull: Savanna fire and the origins of the 'underground forests' of Africa.
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              Text: Oct2014
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