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Association between hospital discharge rate for female breast cancer and residence in a zip code containing hazardous waste sites.

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Title: Association between hospital discharge rate for female breast cancer and residence in a zip code containing hazardous waste sites.
Authors: Lu, Xiaoxia1,2 luxx@urban.pku.edu.cn, Lessner, Lawrence2 lessner2011@gmail.com, Carpenter, David O.2 dcarpenter@albany.edu
Source: Environmental Research. Oct2014, Vol. 134, p375-381. 7p.
Subjects: Hazardous waste sites, Breast cancer diagnosis, Breast cancer risk factors, Physiological effects of chemicals, Hospital admission & discharge
Geographic Terms: New York (N.Y.)
Abstract: Background Exposure to chemicals plays a role in risk of breast cancer. However, possible associations between risk of breast cancer and residential proximity to hazardous waste sites (HWSs) have not been reported. Methods We determined rates of hospital discharge with a diagnosis of female breast cancer in relation to residence in a zip code containing HWSs in New York State (NYS) after adjustment for ethnicity, age, income and urbanicity. Waste exposure was assessed by both the number of waste sites and the type of contaminants. Negative binomial regression was used to test the associations. Results After controlling for confounders, the hospital discharge rate of breast cancer for women living in zip codes having four or more HWSs or in zip codes having one HWS increased significantly (at the 0.05 level) by 9.1% and 6.4%, as compared to those living in a zip code with no HWS. The association for women living in zip codes having two or three HWSs was not significant. This indicates that the extent of exposure cannot be assessed solely by the number of waste sites. The discharge rate for women living in zip codes containing at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) waste site was significantly increased 5.6% as compared to those living in a zip code without any HWS, while the increases were not significant for women living in zip codes containing waste sites with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) or other contaminants. The significant associations were stronger for African American than Caucasian women and stronger in more urbanized than in rural areas. Conclusions Residence within a geographic area (defined by zip codes) that includes a hazardous waste site with VOCs is significantly associated with an increased rate of hospitalization for breast cancer, and the association is stronger for African American than Caucasian women and stronger in more urbanized than in rural areas after adjustment for the confounders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 99899198
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Association between hospital discharge rate for female breast cancer and residence in a zip code containing hazardous waste sites.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Xiaoxia%22">Lu, Xiaoxia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> luxx@urban.pku.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lessner%2C+Lawrence%22">Lessner, Lawrence</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> lessner2011@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carpenter%2C+David+O%2E%22">Carpenter, David O.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> dcarpenter@albany.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Research%22">Environmental Research</searchLink>. Oct2014, Vol. 134, p375-381. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hazardous+waste+sites%22">Hazardous waste sites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Breast+cancer+diagnosis%22">Breast cancer diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Breast+cancer+risk+factors%22">Breast cancer risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+effects+of+chemicals%22">Physiological effects of chemicals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hospital+admission+%26+discharge%22">Hospital admission & discharge</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+York+%28N%2EY%2E%29%22">New York (N.Y.)</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background Exposure to chemicals plays a role in risk of breast cancer. However, possible associations between risk of breast cancer and residential proximity to hazardous waste sites (HWSs) have not been reported. Methods We determined rates of hospital discharge with a diagnosis of female breast cancer in relation to residence in a zip code containing HWSs in New York State (NYS) after adjustment for ethnicity, age, income and urbanicity. Waste exposure was assessed by both the number of waste sites and the type of contaminants. Negative binomial regression was used to test the associations. Results After controlling for confounders, the hospital discharge rate of breast cancer for women living in zip codes having four or more HWSs or in zip codes having one HWS increased significantly (at the 0.05 level) by 9.1% and 6.4%, as compared to those living in a zip code with no HWS. The association for women living in zip codes having two or three HWSs was not significant. This indicates that the extent of exposure cannot be assessed solely by the number of waste sites. The discharge rate for women living in zip codes containing at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) waste site was significantly increased 5.6% as compared to those living in a zip code without any HWS, while the increases were not significant for women living in zip codes containing waste sites with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) or other contaminants. The significant associations were stronger for African American than Caucasian women and stronger in more urbanized than in rural areas. Conclusions Residence within a geographic area (defined by zip codes) that includes a hazardous waste site with VOCs is significantly associated with an increased rate of hospitalization for breast cancer, and the association is stronger for African American than Caucasian women and stronger in more urbanized than in rural areas after adjustment for the confounders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.005
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Breast cancer risk factors
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological effects of chemicals
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      – SubjectFull: Hospital admission & discharge
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      – SubjectFull: New York (N.Y.)
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      – TitleFull: Association between hospital discharge rate for female breast cancer and residence in a zip code containing hazardous waste sites.
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              Text: Oct2014
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