Tissue shrinkage with the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser: a postoperative assessment of tissue length, stiffness, and structure.
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| Title: | Tissue shrinkage with the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser: a postoperative assessment of tissue length, stiffness, and structure. |
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| Authors: | Schaefer SL (AUTHOR), Ciarelli MJ (AUTHOR), Arnoczky SP (AUTHOR), Ross HE (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | American Journal of Sports Medicine. Nov/Dec97, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p841-848. 8p. |
| Abstract: | The effect of laser energy on the length, stiffness, and structure of connective tissue was examined in a rabbit patellar tendon model. A holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was used to deliver a calculated dose of laser energy (300 J/cm2) to one randomly selected patellar tendon in each of 13 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The contralateral patellar tendon was used as a control. Radiopaque markers were placed in the patella and tibial tuberosity to allow for patellar tendon length measurements (via standard lateral radiographs) before and after laser application and at 4 and 8 weeks. Limbs were not immobilized during the postoperative period. The tendons were harvested at 0 weeks (N = 7) and 8 weeks (N = 6) and evaluated for tensile, stiffness, cross-sectional area, histologic changes, and electron microscopic appearance. The results demonstrated significant tendon shrinkage (6.6% +/- 1.4%) after application of the calculated laser energy dose. However, tendon length had increased significantly beyond the immediate postlaser length at 4 weeks and beyond its original length by 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, the lased tendons were significantly less stiff with significantly greater cross-sectional areas than contralateral controls. There was generalized fibroblastic response throughout the entire lased tendon characterized by a marked increase in cellularity. There was also a change from the normal bimodal pattern of large- and small-diameter collagen fibers to a unimodal pattern with predominantly small-diameter fibers in the lased tendons. The tissue alterations seen in this study suggest that the biologic response of connective tissue to laser energy causes a further compromise in tissue integrity, beyond that attributed to the initial physical effects of the laser. These alterations must be taken into consideration when determining postoperative rehabilitation of laser-modified tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of American Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 107273529 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Tissue shrinkage with the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser: a postoperative assessment of tissue length, stiffness, and structure. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schaefer+SL%22">Schaefer SL</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ciarelli+MJ%22">Ciarelli MJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arnoczky+SP%22">Arnoczky SP</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ross+HE%22">Ross HE</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine%22">American Journal of Sports Medicine</searchLink>. Nov/Dec97, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p841-848. 8p. – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The effect of laser energy on the length, stiffness, and structure of connective tissue was examined in a rabbit patellar tendon model. A holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was used to deliver a calculated dose of laser energy (300 J/cm2) to one randomly selected patellar tendon in each of 13 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The contralateral patellar tendon was used as a control. Radiopaque markers were placed in the patella and tibial tuberosity to allow for patellar tendon length measurements (via standard lateral radiographs) before and after laser application and at 4 and 8 weeks. Limbs were not immobilized during the postoperative period. The tendons were harvested at 0 weeks (N = 7) and 8 weeks (N = 6) and evaluated for tensile, stiffness, cross-sectional area, histologic changes, and electron microscopic appearance. The results demonstrated significant tendon shrinkage (6.6% +/- 1.4%) after application of the calculated laser energy dose. However, tendon length had increased significantly beyond the immediate postlaser length at 4 weeks and beyond its original length by 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, the lased tendons were significantly less stiff with significantly greater cross-sectional areas than contralateral controls. There was generalized fibroblastic response throughout the entire lased tendon characterized by a marked increase in cellularity. There was also a change from the normal bimodal pattern of large- and small-diameter collagen fibers to a unimodal pattern with predominantly small-diameter fibers in the lased tendons. The tissue alterations seen in this study suggest that the biologic response of connective tissue to laser energy causes a further compromise in tissue integrity, beyond that attributed to the initial physical effects of the laser. These alterations must be taken into consideration when determining postoperative rehabilitation of laser-modified tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1177/036354659702500619 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 8 StartPage: 841 Titles: – TitleFull: Tissue shrinkage with the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser: a postoperative assessment of tissue length, stiffness, and structure. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Schaefer SL – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ciarelli MJ – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Arnoczky SP – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ross HE IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 11 Text: Nov/Dec97 Type: published Y: 1997 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03635465 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 25 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: American Journal of Sports Medicine Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
