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Linguistic Feature Development Across Grades and Genre in Elementary Writing.

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Title: Linguistic Feature Development Across Grades and Genre in Elementary Writing.
Authors: Hall-Millsa, Shannon1 shannon.hall-mills@cci.fsu.edu, Apela, Kenn1, Nippold, Marilyn, Hewitt, Lynne
Source: Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools. Jul2015, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p242-255. 14p. 5 Charts.
Subject Terms: *Study & teaching of language composition, *Elementary education, *Writing evaluation, *Factor analysis, *Speech evaluation, *Speech therapists, *Vocabulary, Linguistics, Narratives
Abstract: Purpose: As children develop skills in writing across academic contexts, clinicians and educators need to have a fundamental understanding of typical writing development as well as valid and reliable assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to examine the progression of linguistic elements in school-age children's narrative and expository writing development. Method: Narrative and expository writing samples produced by 89 children in Grades 2 through 4 were analyzed at the microstructure and macrostructure levels. Measures of receptive vocabulary, word-level reading, and reading comprehension were obtained. Results: Exploratory factor analyses revealed 4 microstructure factors (e.g., productivity, grammatical complexity, grammatical accuracy, and lexical density) and 1 macrostructure factor (e.g., a combination of organization, text structure, and cohesion). Multivariate analyses of covariance with reading comprehension as a covariate showed that productivity and macrostructure were sensitive to grade-level and genre differences and that expository grammatical complexity was sensitive to grade-level differences. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in light of grade-level standards for narrative and expository writing and current practices in writing assessment. Multiple suggestions are offered for clinical and educational implications, and specific directions are provided for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Linguistic Feature Development Across Grades and Genre in Elementary Writing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hall-Millsa%2C+Shannon%22">Hall-Millsa, Shannon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> shannon.hall-mills@cci.fsu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Apela%2C+Kenn%22">Apela, Kenn</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nippold%2C+Marilyn%22">Nippold, Marilyn</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hewitt%2C+Lynne%22">Hewitt, Lynne</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Language%2C+Speech+%26+Hearing+Services+in+Schools%22">Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools</searchLink>. Jul2015, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p242-255. 14p. 5 Charts.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Study+%26+teaching+of+language+composition%22">Study & teaching of language composition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+education%22">Elementary education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+evaluation%22">Writing evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+evaluation%22">Speech evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+therapists%22">Speech therapists</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocabulary%22">Vocabulary</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Linguistics%22">Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Narratives%22">Narratives</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: As children develop skills in writing across academic contexts, clinicians and educators need to have a fundamental understanding of typical writing development as well as valid and reliable assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to examine the progression of linguistic elements in school-age children's narrative and expository writing development. Method: Narrative and expository writing samples produced by 89 children in Grades 2 through 4 were analyzed at the microstructure and macrostructure levels. Measures of receptive vocabulary, word-level reading, and reading comprehension were obtained. Results: Exploratory factor analyses revealed 4 microstructure factors (e.g., productivity, grammatical complexity, grammatical accuracy, and lexical density) and 1 macrostructure factor (e.g., a combination of organization, text structure, and cohesion). Multivariate analyses of covariance with reading comprehension as a covariate showed that productivity and macrostructure were sensitive to grade-level and genre differences and that expository grammatical complexity was sensitive to grade-level differences. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in light of grade-level standards for narrative and expository writing and current practices in writing assessment. Multiple suggestions are offered for clinical and educational implications, and specific directions are provided for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1044/2015_LSHSS-14-0043
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      – TitleFull: Linguistic Feature Development Across Grades and Genre in Elementary Writing.
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              Text: Jul2015
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