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A helping hand putting in order: Visuomotor routines organize numerical and non-numerical sequences in space.

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Title: A helping hand putting in order: Visuomotor routines organize numerical and non-numerical sequences in space.
Authors: Rinaldi, Luca1,2 l.rinaldi2@campus.unimib.it, Di Luca, Samuel3,4, Henik, Avishai5, Girelli, Luisa1,2
Source: Cognition. Jul2016, Vol. 152, p40-52. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Visuomotor coordination, *Reading interests, *Comparative studies, *Habit, *Research methodology, *Multilingualism, *Reading, *Research, *Evaluation research, Finger calculation, Spatial ability, Task performance, Fingers, Mathematics, Medical cooperation, Psychology of movement, Reaction time, Space perception
Abstract: Theories of embodied cognition emphasize the importance of sensorimotor schemas linked to external world experience for representing conceptual knowledge. Accordingly, some researchers have proposed that the spatial representation of numerical and non-numerical sequences relies on visuomotor routines, like reading habit and finger counting. There is a growing interest in how these two routines contribute to the spatial representation of ordinal sequences, although no investigation has so far directly compared them. The present study aims to investigate how these routines contribute to represent ordinal information in space. To address this issue, bilingual participants reading either from left-to-right or right-to-left were required to map ordinal information to all fingers of their right dominant hand. Critically, we manipulated both the direction of the mapping and the language of the verbal information. More specifically, a finger-mapping compatibility task was adopted in three experiments to explore the spatial representation of numerical (digit numbers and number words) and non-numerical (days of the week, presented in Hebrew and in English) sequences. Results showed that numerical information was preferentially mapped according to participants' finger counting habits, regardless of hand posture (prone and supine), number notation and reading habit. However, for non-numerical ordinal sequences, reading and finger counting directions both contributed to determine a preferential spatial mapping. These findings indicate that abstract knowledge representation relies on multiple over-trained visuomotor routines. More generally, these results highlight the capacity of our cognitive system to flexibly represent abstract ordered information, by relying on different directional experiences (finger counting, reading direction) depending on the stimuli and on the task at hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognition is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: A helping hand putting in order: Visuomotor routines organize numerical and non-numerical sequences in space.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink>. Jul2016, Vol. 152, p40-52. 13p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visuomotor+coordination%22">Visuomotor coordination</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading+interests%22">Reading interests</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Habit%22">Habit</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multilingualism%22">Multilingualism</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading%22">Reading</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+research%22">Evaluation research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finger+calculation%22">Finger calculation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+ability%22">Spatial ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fingers%22">Fingers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics%22">Mathematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+cooperation%22">Medical cooperation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+movement%22">Psychology of movement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+time%22">Reaction time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+perception%22">Space perception</searchLink>
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  Data: Theories of embodied cognition emphasize the importance of sensorimotor schemas linked to external world experience for representing conceptual knowledge. Accordingly, some researchers have proposed that the spatial representation of numerical and non-numerical sequences relies on visuomotor routines, like reading habit and finger counting. There is a growing interest in how these two routines contribute to the spatial representation of ordinal sequences, although no investigation has so far directly compared them. The present study aims to investigate how these routines contribute to represent ordinal information in space. To address this issue, bilingual participants reading either from left-to-right or right-to-left were required to map ordinal information to all fingers of their right dominant hand. Critically, we manipulated both the direction of the mapping and the language of the verbal information. More specifically, a finger-mapping compatibility task was adopted in three experiments to explore the spatial representation of numerical (digit numbers and number words) and non-numerical (days of the week, presented in Hebrew and in English) sequences. Results showed that numerical information was preferentially mapped according to participants' finger counting habits, regardless of hand posture (prone and supine), number notation and reading habit. However, for non-numerical ordinal sequences, reading and finger counting directions both contributed to determine a preferential spatial mapping. These findings indicate that abstract knowledge representation relies on multiple over-trained visuomotor routines. More generally, these results highlight the capacity of our cognitive system to flexibly represent abstract ordered information, by relying on different directional experiences (finger counting, reading direction) depending on the stimuli and on the task at hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Cognition is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.03.003
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 40
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Visuomotor coordination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reading interests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Habit
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      – SubjectFull: Multilingualism
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      – SubjectFull: Reading
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      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation research
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      – SubjectFull: Finger calculation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial ability
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      – SubjectFull: Task performance
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      – SubjectFull: Fingers
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematics
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      – SubjectFull: Medical cooperation
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of movement
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      – SubjectFull: Reaction time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Space perception
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A helping hand putting in order: Visuomotor routines organize numerical and non-numerical sequences in space.
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            NameFull: Rinaldi, Luca
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            NameFull: Di Luca, Samuel
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              Text: Jul2016
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