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Cognitive-motor interference during fine and gross motor tasks in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).

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Title: Cognitive-motor interference during fine and gross motor tasks in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).
Authors: Schott, Nadja1 nadja.schott@inspo.uni-stuttgart.de, El-Rajab, Inaam1, Klotzbier, Thomas1
Source: Research in Developmental Disabilities. Oct2016, Vol. 57, p136-148. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Motor ability, *Cognition, *Movement disorders, *Short-term memory, Apraxia, Task performance, Physical fitness for children, Work structure, Neuropsychological tests, Walking, Case-control method, Executive function, Psychology
Abstract: Background: While typically developing children produce relatively automatized postural control processes, children with DCD seem to exhibit an automatization deficit. Dual tasks with various cognitive loads seem to be an effective way to assess the automatic deficit hypothesis.Aims: The aims of the study were: (1) to examine the effect of a concurrent cognitive task on fine and gross motor tasks in children with DCD, and (2) to determine whether the effect varied with different difficulty levels of the concurrent task.Methods and Procedures: We examined dual-task performance (Trail-Making-Test, Trail-Walking-Test) in 20 children with DCD and 39 typically developing children. Based on the idea of the Trail-Making-Test, participants walked along a fixed pathway, following a prescribed path, delineated by target markers of (1) increasing sequential numbers, and (2) increasing sequential numbers and letters. The motor and cognitive dual-task effects (DTE) were calculated for each task.Results: Regardless of the cognitive task, children with DCD performed equally well in fine and gross motor tasks, and were slower in the dual task conditions than under single task-conditions, compared with children without DCD. Increased cognitive task complexity resulted in slow trail walking as well as slower trail tracing. The motor interference for the gross motor tasks was least for the simplest conditions and greatest for the complex conditions and was more pronounced in children with DCD. Cognitive interference was low irrespective of the motor task.Conclusions and Implications: Children with DCD show a different approach to allocation of cognitive resources, and have difficulties making motor skills automatic. The latter notion is consistent with impaired cerebellar function and the "automatization deficit hypothesis", suggesting that any deficit in the automatization process will appear if conscious monitoring of the motor skill is made more difficult by integrating another task requiring attentional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Research in Developmental Disabilities is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Cognitive-motor interference during fine and gross motor tasks in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schott%2C+Nadja%22">Schott, Nadja</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> nadja.schott@inspo.uni-stuttgart.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El-Rajab%2C+Inaam%22">El-Rajab, Inaam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klotzbier%2C+Thomas%22">Klotzbier, Thomas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Research+in+Developmental+Disabilities%22">Research in Developmental Disabilities</searchLink>. Oct2016, Vol. 57, p136-148. 13p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+ability%22">Motor ability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Movement+disorders%22">Movement disorders</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Apraxia%22">Apraxia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+fitness+for+children%22">Physical fitness for children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Work+structure%22">Work structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychological+tests%22">Neuropsychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Walking%22">Walking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Case-control+method%22">Case-control method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology%22">Psychology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: <bold>Background: </bold>While typically developing children produce relatively automatized postural control processes, children with DCD seem to exhibit an automatization deficit. Dual tasks with various cognitive loads seem to be an effective way to assess the automatic deficit hypothesis.<bold>Aims: </bold>The aims of the study were: (1) to examine the effect of a concurrent cognitive task on fine and gross motor tasks in children with DCD, and (2) to determine whether the effect varied with different difficulty levels of the concurrent task.<bold>Methods and Procedures: </bold>We examined dual-task performance (Trail-Making-Test, Trail-Walking-Test) in 20 children with DCD and 39 typically developing children. Based on the idea of the Trail-Making-Test, participants walked along a fixed pathway, following a prescribed path, delineated by target markers of (1) increasing sequential numbers, and (2) increasing sequential numbers and letters. The motor and cognitive dual-task effects (DTE) were calculated for each task.<bold>Results: </bold>Regardless of the cognitive task, children with DCD performed equally well in fine and gross motor tasks, and were slower in the dual task conditions than under single task-conditions, compared with children without DCD. Increased cognitive task complexity resulted in slow trail walking as well as slower trail tracing. The motor interference for the gross motor tasks was least for the simplest conditions and greatest for the complex conditions and was more pronounced in children with DCD. Cognitive interference was low irrespective of the motor task.<bold>Conclusions and Implications: </bold>Children with DCD show a different approach to allocation of cognitive resources, and have difficulties making motor skills automatic. The latter notion is consistent with impaired cerebellar function and the "automatization deficit hypothesis", suggesting that any deficit in the automatization process will appear if conscious monitoring of the motor skill is made more difficult by integrating another task requiring attentional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Research in Developmental Disabilities is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.07.003
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 136
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Motor ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Movement disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Short-term memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Apraxia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
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      – SubjectFull: Physical fitness for children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Work structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neuropsychological tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Walking
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      – SubjectFull: Case-control method
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      – SubjectFull: Executive function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Cognitive-motor interference during fine and gross motor tasks in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).
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            NameFull: Schott, Nadja
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            NameFull: El-Rajab, Inaam
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            NameFull: Klotzbier, Thomas
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2016
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              Y: 2016
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              Value: 57
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