Measurement invariance of second-order factor model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 principal gender.
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| Title: | Measurement invariance of second-order factor model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 principal gender. |
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| Authors: | Xu, Lihua1,2,3, Wubbena, Zane1,2,3, Stewart, Trae1,2,3 |
| Source: | Journal of Educational Administration. 2016, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p727-748. 22p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Factor structure, *School principals, *Gender, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Mathematical symmetry, Transformational leadership |
| Abstract: | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA.Design/methodology/approach Nine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis.Findings The results suggested that the nine-factor model provided the best fit for the data. Further examination revealed that most constructs lacked convergent validity and discriminant validity. Second-order factor models were tested and the hierarchical model with two higher order factors (i.e. transformational and transactional leadership) was deemed the best fit and it was then tested for measurement invariance between females and males. The measurement model was found to be invariant across gender. Findings suggested that female school principals demonstrated significantly greater transformational leadership behaviour, while male school principals demonstrated significantly greater transactional leadership behaviour.Originality/value This study addressed construct and factor issues previously associated with the MLQ in the measurement of transformational and transactional leadership among a variety of organizations. By using a sample of K-12 school principals across gender, this study has provided support that may ameliorate contextual doubts of transformational leadership behaviour when examining the relational aspects needed to improve schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Educational Administration is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 118208122 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Measurement invariance of second-order factor model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 principal gender. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Lihua%22">Xu, Lihua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wubbena%2C+Zane%22">Wubbena, Zane</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stewart%2C+Trae%22">Stewart, Trae</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Educational+Administration%22">Journal of Educational Administration</searchLink>. 2016, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p727-748. 22p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+structure%22">Factor structure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+principals%22">School principals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender%22">Gender</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multifactor+Leadership+Questionnaire%22">Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+symmetry%22">Mathematical symmetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transformational+leadership%22">Transformational leadership</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA.Design/methodology/approach Nine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis.Findings The results suggested that the nine-factor model provided the best fit for the data. Further examination revealed that most constructs lacked convergent validity and discriminant validity. Second-order factor models were tested and the hierarchical model with two higher order factors (i.e. transformational and transactional leadership) was deemed the best fit and it was then tested for measurement invariance between females and males. The measurement model was found to be invariant across gender. Findings suggested that female school principals demonstrated significantly greater transformational leadership behaviour, while male school principals demonstrated significantly greater transactional leadership behaviour.Originality/value This study addressed construct and factor issues previously associated with the MLQ in the measurement of transformational and transactional leadership among a variety of organizations. By using a sample of K-12 school principals across gender, this study has provided support that may ameliorate contextual doubts of transformational leadership behaviour when examining the relational aspects needed to improve schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Educational Administration is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=118208122 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1108/JEA-01-2015-0001 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 22 StartPage: 727 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Factor structure Type: general – SubjectFull: School principals Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender Type: general – SubjectFull: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematical symmetry Type: general – SubjectFull: Transformational leadership Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Measurement invariance of second-order factor model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 principal gender. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Xu, Lihua – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wubbena, Zane – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stewart, Trae IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 11 Text: 2016 Type: published Y: 2016 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09578234 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 54 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Educational Administration Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
