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Effects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage.

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Title: Effects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage.
Authors: BLANCQUAERT, LAURA1, EVERAERT, INGE1, MISSINNE, MAARTEN1, BAGUET, AUDREY1, STEGEN, SANNE1, VOLKAERT, ANNEKE1, PETROVIC, MIRKO2, VERVAET, CHRIS3, ACHTEN, ERIC4, DE MAEYER, MIEKE5, DE HENAUW, STEFAAN5, DERAVE, WIM1,5 wim.derave@ugent.be
Source: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Mar2017, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p602-609. 8p.
Subject Terms: Amino acid metabolism, Alanine, Biopsy, Blood testing, Dietary supplements, High performance liquid chromatography, Muscles, Peptides, Quadriceps muscle, Calf muscles, Histidine, Skeletal muscle
Abstract: Purpose: Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine and is present in skeletal muscle. Chronic oral β-alanine supplementation can induce muscle carnosine loading and is therefore seen as the rate-limiting factor for carnosine synthesis. However, the effect of L-histidine supplementation on carnosine levels in humans is never established. This study aims to investigate whether 1) L-histidine supplementation can induce muscle carnosine loading and 2) combined supplementation of both amino acids is more efficient than A-alanine supplementation alone. Methods: Fifteen male and 15 female participants were equally divided in three groups. Each group was supplemented with either pure β-alanine (BA) (6 g⋅d-1), L-histidine (HIS) (3.5 g⋅d-1), or both amino acids (BA + HIS). Before (D0), after 12 d (D12), and after 23 d (D23) of supplementation, carnosine content was evaluated in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis muscles by ¹H-MRS, and venous blood samples were collected. Muscle biopsies were taken at D0 and D23 from the vastus lateralis. Plasma and muscle metabolites (β-alanine, histidine, and carnosine) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Both BA and BA + HIS groups showed increased carnosine concentrations in all investigated muscles, with no difference between these groups. By contrast, carnosine levels in the HIS group remained unaltered. Histidine levels were significantly decreased in plasma (-30.6%) and muscle (-31.6%) of the BA group, and this was prevented when β-alanine and L-histidine were supplemented simultaneously. Conclusion: We confirm that β-alanine, and not L-histidine, is the rate-limiting precursor for carnosine synthesis in human skeletal muscle. Yet, although L-histidine is not rate limiting, its availability is not unlimited and gradually declines upon chronic β-alanine supplementation. The significance of this decline still needs to be determined, but may affect physiological processes such as protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22BLANCQUAERT%2C+LAURA%22">BLANCQUAERT, LAURA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22EVERAERT%2C+INGE%22">EVERAERT, INGE</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MISSINNE%2C+MAARTEN%22">MISSINNE, MAARTEN</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22BAGUET%2C+AUDREY%22">BAGUET, AUDREY</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22STEGEN%2C+SANNE%22">STEGEN, SANNE</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22VOLKAERT%2C+ANNEKE%22">VOLKAERT, ANNEKE</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22PETROVIC%2C+MIRKO%22">PETROVIC, MIRKO</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22VERVAET%2C+CHRIS%22">VERVAET, CHRIS</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ACHTEN%2C+ERIC%22">ACHTEN, ERIC</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DE+MAEYER%2C+MIEKE%22">DE MAEYER, MIEKE</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DE+HENAUW%2C+STEFAAN%22">DE HENAUW, STEFAAN</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DERAVE%2C+WIM%22">DERAVE, WIM</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo><i> wim.derave@ugent.be</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise%22">Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</searchLink>. Mar2017, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p602-609. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amino+acid+metabolism%22">Amino acid metabolism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alanine%22">Alanine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biopsy%22">Biopsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+testing%22">Blood testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dietary+supplements%22">Dietary supplements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+performance+liquid+chromatography%22">High performance liquid chromatography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Muscles%22">Muscles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peptides%22">Peptides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quadriceps+muscle%22">Quadriceps muscle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calf+muscles%22">Calf muscles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Histidine%22">Histidine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skeletal+muscle%22">Skeletal muscle</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine and is present in skeletal muscle. Chronic oral β-alanine supplementation can induce muscle carnosine loading and is therefore seen as the rate-limiting factor for carnosine synthesis. However, the effect of L-histidine supplementation on carnosine levels in humans is never established. This study aims to investigate whether 1) L-histidine supplementation can induce muscle carnosine loading and 2) combined supplementation of both amino acids is more efficient than A-alanine supplementation alone. Methods: Fifteen male and 15 female participants were equally divided in three groups. Each group was supplemented with either pure β-alanine (BA) (6 g⋅d-1), L-histidine (HIS) (3.5 g⋅d-1), or both amino acids (BA + HIS). Before (D0), after 12 d (D12), and after 23 d (D23) of supplementation, carnosine content was evaluated in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis muscles by ¹H-MRS, and venous blood samples were collected. Muscle biopsies were taken at D0 and D23 from the vastus lateralis. Plasma and muscle metabolites (β-alanine, histidine, and carnosine) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Both BA and BA + HIS groups showed increased carnosine concentrations in all investigated muscles, with no difference between these groups. By contrast, carnosine levels in the HIS group remained unaltered. Histidine levels were significantly decreased in plasma (-30.6%) and muscle (-31.6%) of the BA group, and this was prevented when β-alanine and L-histidine were supplemented simultaneously. Conclusion: We confirm that β-alanine, and not L-histidine, is the rate-limiting precursor for carnosine synthesis in human skeletal muscle. Yet, although L-histidine is not rate limiting, its availability is not unlimited and gradually declines upon chronic β-alanine supplementation. The significance of this decline still needs to be determined, but may affect physiological processes such as protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001213
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 602
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Amino acid metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alanine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biopsy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blood testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dietary supplements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High performance liquid chromatography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Muscles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Peptides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quadriceps muscle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calf muscles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Histidine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Skeletal muscle
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage.
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              Text: Mar2017
              Type: published
              Y: 2017
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