Semantic and Phonological Encoding Times in Adults Who Stutter: Brain Electrophysiological Evidence.
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| Title: | Semantic and Phonological Encoding Times in Adults Who Stutter: Brain Electrophysiological Evidence. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Maxfield, Nathan D.1 nmaxfield@usf.edu |
| Source: | Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Oct2017, Vol. 60 Issue 10, p2906-2923. 18p. 1 Chart, 6 Graphs. |
| Subject Terms: | *Stuttering, *Phonological encoding, *Fluency (Language learning), *Phonological awareness, *Thought & thinking, Semantics, Psycholinguistics, Psychology, Brain physiology, Analysis of variance, Electroencephalography, Electrophysiology, Probability theory, Research funding, T-test (Statistics), Time, Descriptive statistics |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Some psycholinguistic theories of stuttering propose that language production operates along a different time course in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically fluent adults (TFA). However, behavioral evidence for such a difference has been mixed. Here, the time course of semantic and phonological encoding in picture naming was compared in AWS (n = 16) versus TFA (n = 16) by measuring 2 event-related potential (ERP) components: NoGo N200, an ERP index of response inhibition and lateralized readiness potential, an ERP index of response preparation. Method: Each trial required a semantic judgment about a picture in addition to a phonemic judgment about the target label of the picture. Judgments were mapped onto a dual-choice (Go--NoGo/left-right) push-button response paradigm. On each trial, ERP activity time-locked to picture onset was recorded at 32 scalp electrodes. Results: NoGo N200 was detected earlier to semantic NoGo trials than to phonemic NoGo trials in both groups, replicating previous evidence that semantic encoding generally precedes phonological encoding in language production. Moreover, N200 onset was earlier to semantic NoGo trials in TFA than in AWS, indicating that semantic information triggering response inhibition became available earlier in TFA versus AWS. In contrast, the time course of N200 activity to phonemic NoGo trials did not differ between groups. Lateralized readiness potential activity was influenced by strategic response preparation and thus, could not be used to index real-time semantic and phonological encoding. Conclusion: NoGo N200 results point to slowed semantic encoding in AWS versus TFA. Discussion considers possible factors in slowed semantic encoding in AWS and how fluency might be impacted by slowed semantic encoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 125767191 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Semantic and Phonological Encoding Times in Adults Who Stutter: Brain Electrophysiological Evidence. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maxfield%2C+Nathan+D%2E%22">Maxfield, Nathan D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> nmaxfield@usf.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Oct2017, Vol. 60 Issue 10, p2906-2923. 18p. 1 Chart, 6 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stuttering%22">Stuttering</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+encoding%22">Phonological encoding</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluency+%28Language+learning%29%22">Fluency (Language learning)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thought+%26+thinking%22">Thought & thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semantics%22">Semantics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psycholinguistics%22">Psycholinguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology%22">Psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+physiology%22">Brain physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electroencephalography%22">Electroencephalography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrophysiology%22">Electrophysiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time%22">Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: Some psycholinguistic theories of stuttering propose that language production operates along a different time course in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically fluent adults (TFA). However, behavioral evidence for such a difference has been mixed. Here, the time course of semantic and phonological encoding in picture naming was compared in AWS (n = 16) versus TFA (n = 16) by measuring 2 event-related potential (ERP) components: NoGo N200, an ERP index of response inhibition and lateralized readiness potential, an ERP index of response preparation. Method: Each trial required a semantic judgment about a picture in addition to a phonemic judgment about the target label of the picture. Judgments were mapped onto a dual-choice (Go--NoGo/left-right) push-button response paradigm. On each trial, ERP activity time-locked to picture onset was recorded at 32 scalp electrodes. Results: NoGo N200 was detected earlier to semantic NoGo trials than to phonemic NoGo trials in both groups, replicating previous evidence that semantic encoding generally precedes phonological encoding in language production. Moreover, N200 onset was earlier to semantic NoGo trials in TFA than in AWS, indicating that semantic information triggering response inhibition became available earlier in TFA versus AWS. In contrast, the time course of N200 activity to phonemic NoGo trials did not differ between groups. Lateralized readiness potential activity was influenced by strategic response preparation and thus, could not be used to index real-time semantic and phonological encoding. Conclusion: NoGo N200 results point to slowed semantic encoding in AWS versus TFA. Discussion considers possible factors in slowed semantic encoding in AWS and how fluency might be impacted by slowed semantic encoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0309 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 2906 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Stuttering Type: general – SubjectFull: Phonological encoding Type: general – SubjectFull: Fluency (Language learning) Type: general – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness Type: general – SubjectFull: Thought & thinking Type: general – SubjectFull: Semantics Type: general – SubjectFull: Psycholinguistics Type: general – SubjectFull: Psychology Type: general – SubjectFull: Brain physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance Type: general – SubjectFull: Electroencephalography Type: general – SubjectFull: Electrophysiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Probability theory Type: general – SubjectFull: Research funding Type: general – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Time Type: general – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Semantic and Phonological Encoding Times in Adults Who Stutter: Brain Electrophysiological Evidence. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Maxfield, Nathan D. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10924388 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 60 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Type: main |
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