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The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review.

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Title: The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review.
Authors: Gone, Joseph P., Hartmann, William E., Pomerville, Andrew, Wendt, Dennis C., Klem, Sarah H., Burrage, Rachel L.
Source: American Psychologist. Jan2019, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p20-35. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Student health, Emotional trauma, Ethnopsychology, Health status indicators, Health policy, Systematic reviews, Professional practice, Health of Indigenous peoples, Adverse health care events, Diagnosis
Geographic Terms: Canada, United States
Abstract: Beginning in the mid-1990s, the construct of historical trauma was introduced into the clinical and health science literatures to contextualize, describe, and explain disproportionately high rates of psychological distress and health disparities among Indigenous populations. As a conceptual precursor to racial trauma, Indigenous historical trauma (IHT) is distinguished by its emphasis on ancestral adversity that is intergenerationally transmitted in ways that compromise descendent well-being. In this systematic review of the health impacts of IHT, 32 empirical articles were identified that statistically analyzed the relationship between a measure of IHT and a health outcome for Indigenous samples from the United States and Canada. These articles were categorized based on their specific method for operationalizing IHT, yielding 19 articles that were grouped as historical loss studies, 11 articles that were grouped as residential school ancestry studies, and three articles that were grouped as "other" studies. Articles in all three categories included diverse respondents, disparate designs, varied statistical techniques, and a range of health outcomes. Most reported statistically significant associations between higher indicators of IHT and adverse health outcomes. Analyses were so complex, and findings were so specific, that this groundbreaking literature has yet to cohere into a body of knowledge with clear implications for health policy or professional practice. At the conceptual level, it remains unclear whether IHT is best appreciated for its metaphorical or literal functions. Nevertheless, the enthusiasm surrounding IHT as an explanation for contemporary Indigenous health problems renders it imperative to refine the construct to enable more valid research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Psychologist is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+health%22">Student health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+trauma%22">Emotional trauma</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnopsychology%22">Ethnopsychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+status+indicators%22">Health status indicators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+policy%22">Health policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Professional+practice%22">Professional practice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+of+Indigenous+peoples%22">Health of Indigenous peoples</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adverse+health+care+events%22">Adverse health care events</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnosis%22">Diagnosis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Canada%22">Canada</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
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  Data: Beginning in the mid-1990s, the construct of historical trauma was introduced into the clinical and health science literatures to contextualize, describe, and explain disproportionately high rates of psychological distress and health disparities among Indigenous populations. As a conceptual precursor to racial trauma, Indigenous historical trauma (IHT) is distinguished by its emphasis on ancestral adversity that is intergenerationally transmitted in ways that compromise descendent well-being. In this systematic review of the health impacts of IHT, 32 empirical articles were identified that statistically analyzed the relationship between a measure of IHT and a health outcome for Indigenous samples from the United States and Canada. These articles were categorized based on their specific method for operationalizing IHT, yielding 19 articles that were grouped as historical loss studies, 11 articles that were grouped as residential school ancestry studies, and three articles that were grouped as "other" studies. Articles in all three categories included diverse respondents, disparate designs, varied statistical techniques, and a range of health outcomes. Most reported statistically significant associations between higher indicators of IHT and adverse health outcomes. Analyses were so complex, and findings were so specific, that this groundbreaking literature has yet to cohere into a body of knowledge with clear implications for health policy or professional practice. At the conceptual level, it remains unclear whether IHT is best appreciated for its metaphorical or literal functions. Nevertheless, the enthusiasm surrounding IHT as an explanation for contemporary Indigenous health problems renders it imperative to refine the construct to enable more valid research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Psychologist is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=134212583
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        Value: 10.1037/amp0000338
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 20
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Student health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotional trauma
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethnopsychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health status indicators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health policy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Professional practice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health of Indigenous peoples
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adverse health care events
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diagnosis
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      – SubjectFull: Canada
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review.
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              Text: Jan2019
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              Y: 2019
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