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Enemies of the State: The Interdependence of Institutional Forms and the Ecology of the Kibbutz, 1910--1997.

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Title: Enemies of the State: The Interdependence of Institutional Forms and the Ecology of the Kibbutz, 1910--1997.
Authors: Simons, Tal1, Ingram, Paul2
Source: Administrative Science Quarterly. Dec2003, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p592-621. 30p. 3 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Organizational structure, *Community relations, *Methodology, Kibbutz industries, Kibbutzim, Capitalism, Social control, Free enterprise, Socialization, Organizational sociology, Economic policy
Geographic Terms: Israel
Abstract: The kibbutz, once lauded as an exemplar of the utopian organization, has been criticized recently as yet another illustration that socialist arrangements are inferior to capitalist ones. In this paper, we test a number of explanations of what happened to the kibbutz, using an analysis of the founding rate of the kibbutz population. We find support for popular accounts that the kibbutz stagnated partly as a result of the development in Israel of capitalism and of alternatives for structuring community relations. We also find that a less recognized influence, the state, was a critical determinant of favorable and unfavorable kibbutz outcomes. Our analysis shows that early in the twentieth century, the kibbutz flourished as a source of the order that the states to which it was subject were unable to provide. Over time, the states of Palestine and Israel developed more capacity to govern and displaced the kibbutz from the order-provision role. We also show an active rivalry, with the State of Israel attacking the kibbutz to shore up its own autonomy and in the process delegitimizing the kibbutz movement. These results suggest revisions to the conclusions that are typically drawn from the "kibbutz experiment." They also suggest that some organizational forms may experience symbiosis, competition, and rivalry with the state and that these factors can be key determinants of the state's actions and the forms' evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Administrative Science Quarterly is the property of Administrative Science Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The kibbutz, once lauded as an exemplar of the utopian organization, has been criticized recently as yet another illustration that socialist arrangements are inferior to capitalist ones. In this paper, we test a number of explanations of what happened to the kibbutz, using an analysis of the founding rate of the kibbutz population. We find support for popular accounts that the kibbutz stagnated partly as a result of the development in Israel of capitalism and of alternatives for structuring community relations. We also find that a less recognized influence, the state, was a critical determinant of favorable and unfavorable kibbutz outcomes. Our analysis shows that early in the twentieth century, the kibbutz flourished as a source of the order that the states to which it was subject were unable to provide. Over time, the states of Palestine and Israel developed more capacity to govern and displaced the kibbutz from the order-provision role. We also show an active rivalry, with the State of Israel attacking the kibbutz to shore up its own autonomy and in the process delegitimizing the kibbutz movement. These results suggest revisions to the conclusions that are typically drawn from the "kibbutz experiment." They also suggest that some organizational forms may experience symbiosis, competition, and rivalry with the state and that these factors can be key determinants of the state's actions and the forms' evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Administrative Science Quarterly is the property of Administrative Science Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Kibbutz industries
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      – SubjectFull: Kibbutzim
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      – SubjectFull: Capitalism
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      – SubjectFull: Social control
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      – SubjectFull: Free enterprise
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      – SubjectFull: Socialization
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      – SubjectFull: Organizational sociology
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      – SubjectFull: Economic policy
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      – SubjectFull: Israel
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      – TitleFull: Enemies of the State: The Interdependence of Institutional Forms and the Ecology of the Kibbutz, 1910--1997.
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              Text: Dec2003
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