Prejudice against Women Leaders: Insights from an Indirect Questioning Approach.
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| Title: | Prejudice against Women Leaders: Insights from an Indirect Questioning Approach. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Hoffmann, Adrian1 (AUTHOR) adrian.hoffmann@uni-duesseldorf.de, Musch, Jochen1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Sex Roles. Jun2019, Vol. 80 Issue 11/12, p681-692. 12p. 1 Chart. |
| Subject Terms: | *Questioning, Women leaders, Sex discrimination against women, Sexism, Social attitudes, Gender role in the work environment, Social acceptance, Social desirability |
| Abstract: | To avoid social disapproval in studies on prejudice against women leaders, participants might provide socially desirable rather than truthful responses. Using the Crosswise Model, an indirect questioning technique that can be applied to control for socially desirable responding, we investigated the prevalence of prejudice against women leaders in a German university community sample of 1529 participants. Prevalence estimates that were based on an indirect question that guaranteed confidentiality of responses were higher than estimates that were based on a direct question. Prejudice against women leaders was thus shown to be more widespread than previously indicated by self-reports that were potentially biased by social desirability. Whereas women showed less prejudice against women leaders, their responses were actually found to be more biased by social desirability, as indicated by a significant interaction between questioning technique and participants' gender. For men, prejudice estimates increased only slightly from 36% to 45% when an indirect question was used, whereas for women, prejudice estimates almost tripled from 10% to 28%. Whereas women were particularly hesitant to provide negative judgments regarding the qualities of women leaders, prejudice against women leaders was more prevalent among men even when gender differences in social desirability were controlled. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of controlling for socially desirable responding when using self-reports to investigate the prevalence of gender prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Sex Roles is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 136187923 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Prejudice against Women Leaders: Insights from an Indirect Questioning Approach. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoffmann%2C+Adrian%22">Hoffmann, Adrian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> adrian.hoffmann@uni-duesseldorf.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Musch%2C+Jochen%22">Musch, Jochen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Sex+Roles%22">Sex Roles</searchLink>. Jun2019, Vol. 80 Issue 11/12, p681-692. 12p. 1 Chart. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questioning%22">Questioning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Women+leaders%22">Women leaders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+discrimination+against+women%22">Sex discrimination against women</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexism%22">Sexism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+attitudes%22">Social attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+role+in+the+work+environment%22">Gender role in the work environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+acceptance%22">Social acceptance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+desirability%22">Social desirability</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: To avoid social disapproval in studies on prejudice against women leaders, participants might provide socially desirable rather than truthful responses. Using the Crosswise Model, an indirect questioning technique that can be applied to control for socially desirable responding, we investigated the prevalence of prejudice against women leaders in a German university community sample of 1529 participants. Prevalence estimates that were based on an indirect question that guaranteed confidentiality of responses were higher than estimates that were based on a direct question. Prejudice against women leaders was thus shown to be more widespread than previously indicated by self-reports that were potentially biased by social desirability. Whereas women showed less prejudice against women leaders, their responses were actually found to be more biased by social desirability, as indicated by a significant interaction between questioning technique and participants' gender. For men, prejudice estimates increased only slightly from 36% to 45% when an indirect question was used, whereas for women, prejudice estimates almost tripled from 10% to 28%. Whereas women were particularly hesitant to provide negative judgments regarding the qualities of women leaders, prejudice against women leaders was more prevalent among men even when gender differences in social desirability were controlled. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of controlling for socially desirable responding when using self-reports to investigate the prevalence of gender prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Sex Roles is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=136187923 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11199-018-0969-6 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 681 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Questioning Type: general – SubjectFull: Women leaders Type: general – SubjectFull: Sex discrimination against women Type: general – SubjectFull: Sexism Type: general – SubjectFull: Social attitudes Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender role in the work environment Type: general – SubjectFull: Social acceptance Type: general – SubjectFull: Social desirability Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Prejudice against Women Leaders: Insights from an Indirect Questioning Approach. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hoffmann, Adrian – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Musch, Jochen IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2019 Type: published Y: 2019 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03600025 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 80 – Type: issue Value: 11/12 Titles: – TitleFull: Sex Roles Type: main |
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