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Lexical Influences on Errors in Masked Speech Perception in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.

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Title: Lexical Influences on Errors in Masked Speech Perception in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.
Authors: Jesse, Alexandra1 ajesse@psych.umass.edu, Helfer, Karen S.2
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. 2019 Supplement, Vol. 62 Issue 4S, p1152-1166. 15p. 5 Charts, 6 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Lexical access, *Young adults, *Speech perception, *Phonological awareness, Speech errors, Middle-aged persons, Older people, Paired comparisons (Mathematics)
Abstract: Purpose: In situations with a competing talker, lexical properties of words in both streams affect the recognition of words in the to-be-attended target stream. In this study, we tested whether these lexical properties also influence the type of errors made by listeners across the adult life span. Method: Errors from a corpus collected by Helfer and Jesse (2015) were categorized as phonologically similar to words in the target and/or masker streams. Younger, middleaged, and older listeners had produced these errors when trying to identify key words from a target stream while ignoring a single-talker masker. Neighborhood density and lexical frequency of target words and masker words had been manipulated independently. Results: Lexical properties of target words influenced all types of errors. With higher frequency maskers, the probability of responding with a masker word increased and the phonological influence of target words decreased. Lower levels of lexical competition for maskers increased the probability that listeners reported a word phonologically related to both masker and target words. The influence of masker words increased across the adult life span, as evidenced by phonological intrusions into responses and the temporary failure in selectively attending to the target stream. The effects of lexical properties on error patterns, however, were consistent across age groups. Conclusions: The ease of recognition of words in both attended and unattended speech influences the breakdown of speech perception. These influences remain robust across the adult life span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Lexical Influences on Errors in Masked Speech Perception in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jesse%2C+Alexandra%22">Jesse, Alexandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ajesse@psych.umass.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Helfer%2C+Karen+S%2E%22">Helfer, Karen S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. 2019 Supplement, Vol. 62 Issue 4S, p1152-1166. 15p. 5 Charts, 6 Graphs.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lexical+access%22">Lexical access</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+adults%22">Young adults</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+perception%22">Speech perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+errors%22">Speech errors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Middle-aged+persons%22">Middle-aged persons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Older+people%22">Older people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paired+comparisons+%28Mathematics%29%22">Paired comparisons (Mathematics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: In situations with a competing talker, lexical properties of words in both streams affect the recognition of words in the to-be-attended target stream. In this study, we tested whether these lexical properties also influence the type of errors made by listeners across the adult life span. Method: Errors from a corpus collected by Helfer and Jesse (2015) were categorized as phonologically similar to words in the target and/or masker streams. Younger, middleaged, and older listeners had produced these errors when trying to identify key words from a target stream while ignoring a single-talker masker. Neighborhood density and lexical frequency of target words and masker words had been manipulated independently. Results: Lexical properties of target words influenced all types of errors. With higher frequency maskers, the probability of responding with a masker word increased and the phonological influence of target words decreased. Lower levels of lexical competition for maskers increased the probability that listeners reported a word phonologically related to both masker and target words. The influence of masker words increased across the adult life span, as evidenced by phonological intrusions into responses and the temporary failure in selectively attending to the target stream. The effects of lexical properties on error patterns, however, were consistent across age groups. Conclusions: The ease of recognition of words in both attended and unattended speech influences the breakdown of speech perception. These influences remain robust across the adult life span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=136212906
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        Value: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-ASCC7-18-0091
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Lexical access
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Young adults
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      – SubjectFull: Speech perception
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      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
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      – SubjectFull: Middle-aged persons
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      – SubjectFull: Older people
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      – SubjectFull: Paired comparisons (Mathematics)
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      – TitleFull: Lexical Influences on Errors in Masked Speech Perception in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.
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              Text: 2019 Supplement
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