Effects of Age at Cochlear Implantation on Learning and Cognition: A Critical Assessment.
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| Title: | Effects of Age at Cochlear Implantation on Learning and Cognition: A Critical Assessment. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Marschark, Marc1 marc.marschark@rit.edu, Duchesne, Louise2, Pisoni, David3 |
| Source: | American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Aug2019, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p1318-1334. 17p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Learning assessment, *Academic achievement, *Cognitive testing, *Literacy, *Memory, *Thought & thinking, *Early intervention (Education), Age distribution, Cochlear implants, Evaluation of medical care, Executive function |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Age at cochlear implantation frequently is assumed to be a key predictor of pediatric implantation benefits, but outcomes related to learning and cognition appear inconsistent. This critical assessment examines relevant literature in an effort to evaluate the impact of age at implantation in those domains for individuals who received their devices as children. Method: We examined 44 peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2018 considering age at implantation and conducted statistical analyses regarding its impact on several domains, including literacy, academic achievement, memory, and theory of mind. Results: Across 167 assessments in various experiments and conditions, only 21% of the analyses related to age at implantation yielded evidence in favor of earlier implantation, providing greater benefits to academic achievement, learning, or cognition compared to implantation later in childhood. Among studies that considered cognitive processing (e.g., executive function, memory, visual-spatial functioning), over twice as many analyses indicated significant benefits of earlier implantation when it was considered as a discrete rather than a continuous variable. Conclusion: Findings raise methodological, practical, and theoretical questions concerning how "early" is defined in studies concerning early cochlear implantation, the impact of confounding factors, and the use of nonstandard outcome measures. The present results and convergent findings from other studies are discussed in terms of the larger range of variables that need to be considered in evaluating the benefits of cochlear implantation and question the utility of considering age at implantation as a "gold standard" with regard to evaluating long-term outcomes of the procedure as a medical treatment/intervention for hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 138076841 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effects of Age at Cochlear Implantation on Learning and Cognition: A Critical Assessment. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marschark%2C+Marc%22">Marschark, Marc</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> marc.marschark@rit.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duchesne%2C+Louise%22">Duchesne, Louise</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pisoni%2C+David%22">Pisoni, David</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Speech-Language+Pathology%22">American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology</searchLink>. Aug2019, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p1318-1334. 17p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+assessment%22">Learning assessment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+achievement%22">Academic achievement</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Literacy%22">Literacy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thought+%26+thinking%22">Thought & thinking</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Early+intervention+%28Education%29%22">Early intervention (Education)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cochlear+implants%22">Cochlear implants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+of+medical+care%22">Evaluation of medical care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: Age at cochlear implantation frequently is assumed to be a key predictor of pediatric implantation benefits, but outcomes related to learning and cognition appear inconsistent. This critical assessment examines relevant literature in an effort to evaluate the impact of age at implantation in those domains for individuals who received their devices as children. Method: We examined 44 peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2018 considering age at implantation and conducted statistical analyses regarding its impact on several domains, including literacy, academic achievement, memory, and theory of mind. Results: Across 167 assessments in various experiments and conditions, only 21% of the analyses related to age at implantation yielded evidence in favor of earlier implantation, providing greater benefits to academic achievement, learning, or cognition compared to implantation later in childhood. Among studies that considered cognitive processing (e.g., executive function, memory, visual-spatial functioning), over twice as many analyses indicated significant benefits of earlier implantation when it was considered as a discrete rather than a continuous variable. Conclusion: Findings raise methodological, practical, and theoretical questions concerning how "early" is defined in studies concerning early cochlear implantation, the impact of confounding factors, and the use of nonstandard outcome measures. The present results and convergent findings from other studies are discussed in terms of the larger range of variables that need to be considered in evaluating the benefits of cochlear implantation and question the utility of considering age at implantation as a "gold standard" with regard to evaluating long-term outcomes of the procedure as a medical treatment/intervention for hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1044/2019_AJSLP-18-0160 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 17 StartPage: 1318 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Learning assessment Type: general – SubjectFull: Academic achievement Type: general – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing Type: general – SubjectFull: Literacy Type: general – SubjectFull: Memory Type: general – SubjectFull: Thought & thinking Type: general – SubjectFull: Early intervention (Education) Type: general – SubjectFull: Age distribution Type: general – SubjectFull: Cochlear implants Type: general – SubjectFull: Evaluation of medical care Type: general – SubjectFull: Executive function Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effects of Age at Cochlear Implantation on Learning and Cognition: A Critical Assessment. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Marschark, Marc – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Duchesne, Louise – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pisoni, David IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: Aug2019 Type: published Y: 2019 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10580360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 28 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology Type: main |
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