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Relationship between intelligence and posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans.

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Title: Relationship between intelligence and posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans.
Authors: Shura, Robert D.1,2,3 (AUTHOR) Robert.Shura2@va.gov, Epstein, Erica L.1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Ord, Anna S.1,2 (AUTHOR), Martindale, Sarah L.1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Rowland, Jared A.1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Brearly, Timothy W.2,4 (AUTHOR), Taber, Katherine H.1,2,5,6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Intelligence. Sep2020, Vol. 82, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Blast injuries, Symptoms
Geographic Terms: Afghanistan, Iraq
Abstract: Evaluate the relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and measures of intelligence in veterans. Veterans (N = 338) who deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan were recruited for a VA study on primary blast exposure. PTSD was evaluated using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, 5th edition (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist-5. Intelligence was measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition and the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF). Validity was assessed with the Medical Symptom Validity Test, b Test, and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Differences in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) estimates between individuals with and without PTSD were evaluated with t -tests. Correlations evaluated associations between symptom burden and intelligence. Of the seven IQ measures, only the Full Scale IQ score and TOPF Equated scores were significantly lower (but not abnormal) in the lifetime PTSD group. Moreover, these relationships were no longer significant when accounting for multiple comparisons, and symptom/performance validity appeared to better account for those relationships. Current symptom distress was weakly related to several outcomes, but not when using CAPS-5 measures. Neither lifetime nor current PTSD diagnoses were associated with significantly lower IQ scores. This study did not support prior conclusions that low IQ is a risk factor for developing PTSD. This discrepancy is likely due to the use of ability and symptom validity checks, and sample characteristics (e.g., education). Future research should further evaluate the relationship of symptom distress on intellectual outcomes in combat veteran samples. • This study did not demonstrate a relationship between intelligence and PTSD. • Instead, invalid performance and symptom overreporting were related to lower IQ. • Not accounting for validity can lead to faulty conclusions about PTSD-IQ connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Intelligence is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Relationship between intelligence and posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wechsler+Adult+Intelligence+Scale%22">Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Post-traumatic+stress+disorder%22">Post-traumatic stress disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blast+injuries%22">Blast injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Symptoms%22">Symptoms</searchLink>
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  Data: Evaluate the relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and measures of intelligence in veterans. Veterans (N = 338) who deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan were recruited for a VA study on primary blast exposure. PTSD was evaluated using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, 5th edition (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist-5. Intelligence was measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition and the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF). Validity was assessed with the Medical Symptom Validity Test, b Test, and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Differences in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) estimates between individuals with and without PTSD were evaluated with t -tests. Correlations evaluated associations between symptom burden and intelligence. Of the seven IQ measures, only the Full Scale IQ score and TOPF Equated scores were significantly lower (but not abnormal) in the lifetime PTSD group. Moreover, these relationships were no longer significant when accounting for multiple comparisons, and symptom/performance validity appeared to better account for those relationships. Current symptom distress was weakly related to several outcomes, but not when using CAPS-5 measures. Neither lifetime nor current PTSD diagnoses were associated with significantly lower IQ scores. This study did not support prior conclusions that low IQ is a risk factor for developing PTSD. This discrepancy is likely due to the use of ability and symptom validity checks, and sample characteristics (e.g., education). Future research should further evaluate the relationship of symptom distress on intellectual outcomes in combat veteran samples. • This study did not demonstrate a relationship between intelligence and PTSD. • Instead, invalid performance and symptom overreporting were related to lower IQ. • Not accounting for validity can lead to faulty conclusions about PTSD-IQ connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Intelligence is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.intell.2020.101472
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      – SubjectFull: Post-traumatic stress disorder
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              Text: Sep2020
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