Gang Affiliation and Prisoner Reentry: Discrete-Time Variation in Recidivism by Current, Former, and Non-Gang Status.
Saved in:
| Title: | Gang Affiliation and Prisoner Reentry: Discrete-Time Variation in Recidivism by Current, Former, and Non-Gang Status. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Pyrooz, David C.1 (AUTHOR) david.pyrooz@colorado.edu, Clark, Kendra J.1 (AUTHOR), Tostlebe, Jennifer J.1 (AUTHOR), Decker, Scott H.2 (AUTHOR), Orrick, Erin3 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency. Mar2021, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p192-234. 43p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Gangs, Recidivism, Social groups, Gang members, Mass incarceration, Prisoners |
| Abstract: | Objectives: Reentry experiences for the 600,000 people released annually from federal and state prisons differ vastly. We contend that gangs, which rose to prominence alongside mass incarceration, are an overlooked source of variation in reentry experiences. Drawing on precepts from the street gang literature, we test whether patterns of recidivism differ by official and survey measures of current, former, and non-gang status. Methods: Data from a representative sample of 802 prisoners interviewed prior to their release in 2016 were linked to 36 months of post-release arrest, conviction, and imprisonment records. Survival curves and multivariable discrete-time survival analysis were used to test for differential patterns of recidivism. Results: The conditional risk of recidivism varied by gang status. Current gang members maintained the greatest risk for all recidivism types. While former gang members were more likely to get arrested than non-gang members, there were no differences in conviction and imprisonment. Official and survey gang measures mostly told the same story, although official measures appeared to be more reliable determinants of recidivism than survey measures. Conclusions: Distinguishing former from current and non-gang members is important for policy, practice, and research. These findings renew calls to understand and respond to social groups and networks like gangs for prisoner reentry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 148495498 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Gang Affiliation and Prisoner Reentry: Discrete-Time Variation in Recidivism by Current, Former, and Non-Gang Status. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pyrooz%2C+David+C%2E%22">Pyrooz, David C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> david.pyrooz@colorado.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clark%2C+Kendra+J%2E%22">Clark, Kendra J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tostlebe%2C+Jennifer+J%2E%22">Tostlebe, Jennifer J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Decker%2C+Scott+H%2E%22">Decker, Scott H.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Orrick%2C+Erin%22">Orrick, Erin</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Research+in+Crime+%26+Delinquency%22">Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency</searchLink>. Mar2021, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p192-234. 43p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gangs%22">Gangs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recidivism%22">Recidivism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+groups%22">Social groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gang+members%22">Gang members</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+incarceration%22">Mass incarceration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prisoners%22">Prisoners</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Objectives: Reentry experiences for the 600,000 people released annually from federal and state prisons differ vastly. We contend that gangs, which rose to prominence alongside mass incarceration, are an overlooked source of variation in reentry experiences. Drawing on precepts from the street gang literature, we test whether patterns of recidivism differ by official and survey measures of current, former, and non-gang status. Methods: Data from a representative sample of 802 prisoners interviewed prior to their release in 2016 were linked to 36 months of post-release arrest, conviction, and imprisonment records. Survival curves and multivariable discrete-time survival analysis were used to test for differential patterns of recidivism. Results: The conditional risk of recidivism varied by gang status. Current gang members maintained the greatest risk for all recidivism types. While former gang members were more likely to get arrested than non-gang members, there were no differences in conviction and imprisonment. Official and survey gang measures mostly told the same story, although official measures appeared to be more reliable determinants of recidivism than survey measures. Conclusions: Distinguishing former from current and non-gang members is important for policy, practice, and research. These findings renew calls to understand and respond to social groups and networks like gangs for prisoner reentry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=148495498 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1177/0022427820949895 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 43 StartPage: 192 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Gangs Type: general – SubjectFull: Recidivism Type: general – SubjectFull: Social groups Type: general – SubjectFull: Gang members Type: general – SubjectFull: Mass incarceration Type: general – SubjectFull: Prisoners Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Gang Affiliation and Prisoner Reentry: Discrete-Time Variation in Recidivism by Current, Former, and Non-Gang Status. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pyrooz, David C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Clark, Kendra J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tostlebe, Jennifer J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Decker, Scott H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Orrick, Erin IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2021 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00224278 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 58 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
