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Indicatives, Subjunctives, and the Falsity of the Antecedent.

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Title: Indicatives, Subjunctives, and the Falsity of the Antecedent.
Authors: Skovgaard‐Olsen, Niels1 (AUTHOR) n.s.olsen@gmail.com, Collins, Peter2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Cognitive Science. Nov2021, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p1-31. 31p.
Subject Terms: Linguists, Linguistics, Neutrality, Contradiction, Possibility
Abstract: It is widely held that there are important differences between indicative conditionals (e.g., "If the authors are linguists, they have written a linguistics paper") and subjunctive conditionals (e.g., "If the authors had been linguists, they would have written a linguistics paper"). A central difference is that indicatives and subjunctives convey different stances toward the truth of their antecedents. Indicatives (often) convey neutrality: for example, about whether the authors in question are linguists. Subjunctives (often) convey the falsity of the antecedent: for example, that the authors in question are not linguists. This paper tests prominent accounts of how these different stances are conveyed: whether by presupposition or conversational implicature. Experiment 1 tests the presupposition account by investigating whether the stances project—remain constant—when embedded under operators like negations, possibility modals, and interrogatives, a key characteristic of presuppositions. Experiment 2 tests the conversational‐implicature account by investigating whether the stances can be cancelled without producing a contradiction, a key characteristic of implicatures. The results provide evidence that both stances—neutrality about the antecedent in indicatives and the falsity of the antecedent in subjunctives—are conveyed by conversational implicatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognitive Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Indicatives, Subjunctives, and the Falsity of the Antecedent.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skovgaard‐Olsen%2C+Niels%22">Skovgaard‐Olsen, Niels</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> n.s.olsen@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Collins%2C+Peter%22">Collins, Peter</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cognitive+Science%22">Cognitive Science</searchLink>. Nov2021, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p1-31. 31p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Linguists%22">Linguists</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Linguistics%22">Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neutrality%22">Neutrality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contradiction%22">Contradiction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Possibility%22">Possibility</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: It is widely held that there are important differences between indicative conditionals (e.g., "If the authors are linguists, they have written a linguistics paper") and subjunctive conditionals (e.g., "If the authors had been linguists, they would have written a linguistics paper"). A central difference is that indicatives and subjunctives convey different stances toward the truth of their antecedents. Indicatives (often) convey neutrality: for example, about whether the authors in question are linguists. Subjunctives (often) convey the falsity of the antecedent: for example, that the authors in question are not linguists. This paper tests prominent accounts of how these different stances are conveyed: whether by presupposition or conversational implicature. Experiment 1 tests the presupposition account by investigating whether the stances project—remain constant—when embedded under operators like negations, possibility modals, and interrogatives, a key characteristic of presuppositions. Experiment 2 tests the conversational‐implicature account by investigating whether the stances can be cancelled without producing a contradiction, a key characteristic of implicatures. The results provide evidence that both stances—neutrality about the antecedent in indicatives and the falsity of the antecedent in subjunctives—are conveyed by conversational implicatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Cognitive Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/cogs.13058
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Linguists
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      – SubjectFull: Neutrality
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      – SubjectFull: Possibility
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              Text: Nov2021
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