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Evaluate the Effect of Mouth Breathing on Growth and Development of Facial Bones and Malocclusion in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Title: Evaluate the Effect of Mouth Breathing on Growth and Development of Facial Bones and Malocclusion in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Asadi, Pouya1, Amiri, Hooman2 Hooman.amiri70@gmail.com, Aghaei, Fatemeh3, Baei, Morteza Rostami4
Source: Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry. 2021, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p5465-5475. 11p.
Subject Terms: Mouth breathing, Facial bones, Bone growth, Fixed effects model, Malocclusion, Temporomandibular joint, Data extraction
Abstract: Background and aim:Mouth breathing changes the temporomandibular joint structure and periarticular muscle groups, resulting in regular mouth breathing. This causes malocclusion (often class II malocclusion) as well as changes in the maxillofacial soft and hard tissues, which in turn affects the maxillofacial appearance and development. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mouth breathing on growth and development of facial bones and malocclusion in children. Method:Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO and Embase were searched for systematic literature between 2011 to August 2021. For Data extraction, two reviewers blind and independently extracted data from abstract and full text of studies that included.95% confidence interval for mean differences with fixed effect model and in-variance method were calculated. To deal with potential heterogeneity, random effects were used and I2 showed heterogeneity. Metaanalysis was performed using Stata/MP v.16 software (The fastest version of Stata). Result:In the initial review, duplicate studies were eliminated and abstracts of 226 studies were reviewed, the full text of 31 studies was reviewed by two authors, finally, seven studies were selected. Mean differences ofANB between Mouth breathing and Nasal Breathingwas 1.34° (MD, 1.34° 95% CI 1.03°, 1.65°). Mean differences of SN-PP, SN-OP, PP-MP and SNGoGNbetween Mouth breathing and Nasal Breathing WERE0.1 (95% CI -1.49, 1.69), 2.72 (95% CI 1.75, 3.70), 4.5 (95% CI 2.16, 6.84), -2.09 (95% CI -2.85, -1.33), respectively. Conclusion: The present Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study showed vertical measurement changes were higher and all airway changes were lower in mouth-breathing individuals than in nasalbreathing individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Evaluate the Effect of Mouth Breathing on Growth and Development of Facial Bones and Malocclusion in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Asadi%2C+Pouya%22">Asadi, Pouya</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amiri%2C+Hooman%22">Amiri, Hooman</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> Hooman.amiri70@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aghaei%2C+Fatemeh%22">Aghaei, Fatemeh</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baei%2C+Morteza+Rostami%22">Baei, Morteza Rostami</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Turkish+Online+Journal+of+Qualitative+Inquiry%22">Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry</searchLink>. 2021, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p5465-5475. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mouth+breathing%22">Mouth breathing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Facial+bones%22">Facial bones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bone+growth%22">Bone growth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fixed+effects+model%22">Fixed effects model</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malocclusion%22">Malocclusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temporomandibular+joint%22">Temporomandibular joint</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+extraction%22">Data extraction</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background and aim:Mouth breathing changes the temporomandibular joint structure and periarticular muscle groups, resulting in regular mouth breathing. This causes malocclusion (often class II malocclusion) as well as changes in the maxillofacial soft and hard tissues, which in turn affects the maxillofacial appearance and development. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mouth breathing on growth and development of facial bones and malocclusion in children. Method:Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO and Embase were searched for systematic literature between 2011 to August 2021. For Data extraction, two reviewers blind and independently extracted data from abstract and full text of studies that included.95% confidence interval for mean differences with fixed effect model and in-variance method were calculated. To deal with potential heterogeneity, random effects were used and I2 showed heterogeneity. Metaanalysis was performed using Stata/MP v.16 software (The fastest version of Stata). Result:In the initial review, duplicate studies were eliminated and abstracts of 226 studies were reviewed, the full text of 31 studies was reviewed by two authors, finally, seven studies were selected. Mean differences ofANB between Mouth breathing and Nasal Breathingwas 1.34° (MD, 1.34° 95% CI 1.03°, 1.65°). Mean differences of SN-PP, SN-OP, PP-MP and SNGoGNbetween Mouth breathing and Nasal Breathing WERE0.1 (95% CI -1.49, 1.69), 2.72 (95% CI 1.75, 3.70), 4.5 (95% CI 2.16, 6.84), -2.09 (95% CI -2.85, -1.33), respectively. Conclusion: The present Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study showed vertical measurement changes were higher and all airway changes were lower in mouth-breathing individuals than in nasalbreathing individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 5465
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Bone growth
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      – SubjectFull: Fixed effects model
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malocclusion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temporomandibular joint
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data extraction
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      – TitleFull: Evaluate the Effect of Mouth Breathing on Growth and Development of Facial Bones and Malocclusion in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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            NameFull: Asadi, Pouya
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            NameFull: Baei, Morteza Rostami
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              Text: 2021
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