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Grade Retention: A Pathway to Solitude? A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of the Effects of Being Retained on Students' Sense of Belonging.

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Title: Grade Retention: A Pathway to Solitude? A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of the Effects of Being Retained on Students' Sense of Belonging.
Authors: Van Canegem, Timo, Van Houtte, Mieke, Demanet, Jannick
Source: Comparative Education Review. Nov2022, Vol. 66 Issue 4, p664-687. 24p. 5 Charts.
Subject Terms: *Psychology of students, *Grade repetition, *Social alienation, *Secondary education, *Academic achievement, Social belonging
Abstract: Having a low sense of belonging in secondary education is associated with feelings of social alienation, lower school performance, and dropping out early. Based on person-environment fit theory, we expect retained students to experience a misfit with their academic environment. This experience could intensify when there are fewer other retained students around. The contextual impact of grade retention on sense of belonging is assessed by cross-national multilevel analyses on PISA 2015 data (25 countries; 7,979 schools; 194,195 students). Overall, results suggest retained students have a significantly lower sense of belonging. The negative association between grade retention and sense of belonging increases in schools and countries with a low number of retained students. This indicates that in schools and countries with a low retention composition, retained students suffer from a lower sense of belonging, because of both their status as a retained student and the absence of other retained students. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Comparative Education Review is the property of University of Chicago Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Grade Retention: A Pathway to Solitude? A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of the Effects of Being Retained on Students' Sense of Belonging.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Van+Canegem%2C+Timo%22">Van Canegem, Timo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Van+Houtte%2C+Mieke%22">Van Houtte, Mieke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Demanet%2C+Jannick%22">Demanet, Jannick</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Comparative+Education+Review%22">Comparative Education Review</searchLink>. Nov2022, Vol. 66 Issue 4, p664-687. 24p. 5 Charts.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+students%22">Psychology of students</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+repetition%22">Grade repetition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+alienation%22">Social alienation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+education%22">Secondary education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+achievement%22">Academic achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+belonging%22">Social belonging</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Having a low sense of belonging in secondary education is associated with feelings of social alienation, lower school performance, and dropping out early. Based on person-environment fit theory, we expect retained students to experience a misfit with their academic environment. This experience could intensify when there are fewer other retained students around. The contextual impact of grade retention on sense of belonging is assessed by cross-national multilevel analyses on PISA 2015 data (25 countries; 7,979 schools; 194,195 students). Overall, results suggest retained students have a significantly lower sense of belonging. The negative association between grade retention and sense of belonging increases in schools and countries with a low number of retained students. This indicates that in schools and countries with a low retention composition, retained students suffer from a lower sense of belonging, because of both their status as a retained student and the absence of other retained students. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Comparative Education Review is the property of University of Chicago Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1086/721649
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        Type: general
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              Text: Nov2022
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