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Not all 'impostors' are created equal: A dimensional, person-centered, and theory-based analysis of medical students.

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Title: Not all 'impostors' are created equal: A dimensional, person-centered, and theory-based analysis of medical students.
Authors: Neufeld, Adam1 adam.neufeld@ucalgary.ca, Babenko, Oksana2, Malin, Greg3
Source: Medical Teacher. Aug2024, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p1044-1051. 8p.
Subject Terms: *School environment, *Philosophy of education, *Medical education, *Medical students, *Motivation (Psychology), *Students, *Research, *Factor analysis, Satisfaction, Cluster analysis (Statistics), Research funding, Conceptual structures, Social support, Self-perception, Well-being
Geographic Terms: Canada
Abstract: Research on the impostor phenomenon (IP) is rapidly growing in medical education due to its relationship with distress and burnout. How IP is theoretically conceptualized and analyzed has been inconsistent, however, which limits our understanding of results and how to act on them. We hypothesized that a person-centered analysis, in combination with a robust theoretical framework, would provide a more specific 'profile' of medical student IP and help to optimize supports for their well-being. We used exploratory factor analysis to assess the factor structure of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) in medical students, followed by cluster analysis to identify distinct 'impostor' profiles, based on the identified factors. We then used self-determination theory's (SDT) framework of motivation to explore how students in each profile differed in their general causality orientation, autonomous motivation towards going to medical school, and psychological need satisfaction in the medical program – factors that SDT identifies as predictors of engagement, performance, and well-being. Factor analysis yielded three main IP factors – feeling like a fake, attributing success to luck, and discounting achievement – in line with Clance's original definition of IP. The cluster analysis then identified four distinct IP profiles based on individual differences in these factors, each varying in aspects of their self-determination. This study sheds light on the ways that medical students may experience IP, further reinforcing the notion that not all 'impostors' are created equal. Findings support the three-factor structure of the CIPS among medical students, and that most students will fall into one of four IP profiles. These profiles and their implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Research on the impostor phenomenon (IP) is rapidly growing in medical education due to its relationship with distress and burnout. How IP is theoretically conceptualized and analyzed has been inconsistent, however, which limits our understanding of results and how to act on them. We hypothesized that a person-centered analysis, in combination with a robust theoretical framework, would provide a more specific 'profile' of medical student IP and help to optimize supports for their well-being. We used exploratory factor analysis to assess the factor structure of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) in medical students, followed by cluster analysis to identify distinct 'impostor' profiles, based on the identified factors. We then used self-determination theory's (SDT) framework of motivation to explore how students in each profile differed in their general causality orientation, autonomous motivation towards going to medical school, and psychological need satisfaction in the medical program – factors that SDT identifies as predictors of engagement, performance, and well-being. Factor analysis yielded three main IP factors – feeling like a fake, attributing success to luck, and discounting achievement – in line with Clance's original definition of IP. The cluster analysis then identified four distinct IP profiles based on individual differences in these factors, each varying in aspects of their self-determination. This study sheds light on the ways that medical students may experience IP, further reinforcing the notion that not all 'impostors' are created equal. Findings support the three-factor structure of the CIPS among medical students, and that most students will fall into one of four IP profiles. These profiles and their implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=178881194
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        Value: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2345268
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 1044
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: School environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Philosophy of education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motivation (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cluster analysis (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Conceptual structures
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      – SubjectFull: Social support
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      – SubjectFull: Self-perception
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      – SubjectFull: Well-being
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      – SubjectFull: Canada
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      – TitleFull: Not all 'impostors' are created equal: A dimensional, person-centered, and theory-based analysis of medical students.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2024
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